A continuation

Chapter IX:by:Social Stratification

Presented

Excel Kit H. Palmes

 4.
1.
2.
3.
5. Objective
Lifestyle
Reputational
Subjective
OccupationApproach
Approach
Approach
Prestige
ApproachApproach

Approaches in the
Bases on the person’s
•• Recreational study
occupation
activities that of
brings
social
•• People stratification
prestige and honor
Self
Bestreported
Materialthey analysis
possessions
indicatorknow
of in the
social of one’s
community
class in social
the United
Categorical analysis
States but may not be true in the Philippines
• Type
Organizational
ofoccupations
•standing
Certain residentaffiliations
have very low monetary
rewards such
• Schools as teaching professions
attended
 C o n s e q u e n t i a l s t r a t i fi c a t i o n
Social
Stratification
An stratification
important exists
social is as old as society
everywhere
aspect of not itself
just (ancient)
stratificationin1967)
the
are
Although
Its
In
Patterning attributes
the there
Philippines
is as
social is
named division,
employment
rather than by Tumin
was
biological 1967
based
(Tumin are:
on
and
classification
the exists no
norms matter
and ofrules how
people primitive
(ubiquitous)
particularly
Lifestyles the
in society
eg. on
the
(based is
First,
stratification
In
Life
second,
distribution the present
chances (involuntary
third world;is not
and
human well
those
of rewards in apreferences,
defined
rights may
and
community.
in
still
justice.
tastes and
impersonally determined)
ancient societies
Characteristics
be
•More
••Through
kind
true,
Infant
on
social
mortality
having
Longevity
and
although
the right
i.e. patterned
Socialization
amount of:
of values)
Not
in• its
these
Social
promotion
necessarily, butor
character
Type
norms of household
may be:
Universal Friendshipbases for Index
based for
on: Stratific ation:
Stratification
•
The
•••social
There
social
types
following
ancient,
Physical
Education and
was
are
mobility
found some
mental illness
a presence
ofdifferentiation:
stratification:
Which
in alldepends
societies
•terms:
•• Age
• of
are based
Communityon
on these
stratification
Skills
•• Childlessness
••••capacity Blood
ubiquitous,
Training
Class
Age tiespresent
to perform everywhere Recreational
•• Rights
Sex
Abilities
Activities
12 to 15 in
Marital
Perpetuated
Skills
•• diverse millennia
conflict ago:
• •
its forms • Intelligence farmers,
Exposure
• Restructured
• Obligations land
to cultural
••
••• Sex
lords Social
Caste
Separation
and
Personality
Ceased
•••• consequential, relationship
elites. • Capabilities
representations
•• Norms
Completely
Divorce
Estate
• Character a result of something
Physical
•• Expectations
Clothing Strength
changed
 Social
For
Distinctiveclass
sociological
All of these
Marriage
affects:
purposes lifestyle
characteristics
cantechniques
can begroups
of status
can besocial
be used to increase
viewed as:
usedstatus
in thebut
based on degree of honor (Tumin)
Philippine
people tendcontext.
to marry endogamously
• An indication for a given level of evaluation (eg. Type
• Marriage
Tumin • Leisure
says lifestyle can be viewed in two approaches:
of home)
Although
Endogamy everyone
– is
marriage given the
within a same
specific group. In
Lifestyle
•• The reward or consequences of other inequalities (eg.
• Child rearing • Activities
opportunities,
this case
capacity thethings
toaafford affluent
socio-economical have
based more
group
on income, chances of
education,
Determining
•climbing
occupation)up thewhether peoplenot
social ladder with thebecause
just same of
• Education
lifestyle
their
•This • Political
wealth
results
A technique occupy
inand thewealth
property,
for same
occupation
validating socio-economic
but
and
one’s claimalso
to awith
occupationsgivento be
level
statuses
of evaluation
influence
transmitted and
from or honor (eg. buying
connection.
generation a new car when one
to generation
• gets
Or the outlook
promoted)
other way around
1. Family Life

Upper class families are more stable than lower

This has led to the emergence of the
class families.
single parent phenomenon and
But a large percentage of upper class families
matriarchal households
break up because of:
break up because of:

Women in the upper• class

• Incompatibility are women
Infidelity
of leisure
• Lack of while women in lower
• Emotional
classes are forced to immaturity
communication work
2. Child Rearing

Upper and middle class children tend

to be dependent as they have yayas in
the absence of their mothers

Lower class children are independent

due to being forced to do labor at
such a young age
3. Education

Upper and middle class:

• Parents as role models
• Become like their parents
• Enroll in elite schools

Lower classes:
• Do not have role models
• Become like their parents
• Continue to reside in slums as a result
4. Political Outlook

Lower classes:
• Less active in political affairs
• Limited to voting

Upper or middle class:

• More active in political affairs
• Kinsmen are officials or members of political
parties
• Participate in discussion of political issues
• Have more access to information
5. Health

Upper and middle classes:

• More likely to have medical and dental insurance

Lower class:
• Cannot afford premium medical and dental
insurance
• Forced to avail medical services provided by
the government
6. Poverty

The urban poor are identified with squatters,

Refers to material
slums and relocation and resettlement areas;
and they live in congested dwellings with
deprivation, kinds of food
unhealthful conditions
consumed, employment,
Most urban poor are former rural residents
and in general,
who migrated the
to the city inequality
because of their
between
desire groups
to improve their economic
conditions
Lifestyle

Participation before, during and afterfrom

each stage
Lower
There
Mass
The
Upper
Mass
These
1997,
was
Provision
Additional
Average
Lower
Upper classes
a change
participation
and
Class
concept
and
which Income
remain of
attribute
in Filipino
of Basic Services
basic
middle
basic
middle
Participationto
spending
services
will:
ofclasses
need
class
unattended
the growth
of the development process has many
is
of
pattern,
Filipino that
designed
the
improve the overall income of the poor and
in
economy the1994
Families
to
rural
to

improve the overall income of the poor and

government
areas
advantages
ensure that andmust
because
they of
benefits
get all
extend
the
the focus to the
essential on poor:
urban
elements
••• More develop
Mostly people’s
affected confidence
since aggregate and trust on of
incomes
sectors
for
••Another aBuy
Have families
food
life of ate
incomes
dignity
way andout
to
in
freed 1997
grocery
way than
fromabove
minimize
in 1994
needs
absolute
the the from
need
problem
•The family
Averagepoor
themselves
Dinning
Reduction out
members must
budget
income
in costwent
do have
up
increased
not
throughfrom access
4.2
approximate
by 49 percent
percent
mobilization to
thetoof
4.7
from
••• percentClean
Buy
average
big
restore water
supplies
supermarkets
the income
dignity and from
• Transport
and sari-sari
well
self-respect known
of the poor
of
basic inequality
average
P83,161
unused income
in 1994
local
needs is asto
to
resources
and give
presented
P123,881
andthe
services in people
above
free 1997
human
to (NSO)the
These
••basic and
••• Spending
reduce
stores
Food
Buy Buys
wet
energy sanitation
for
markets
goods
right
home
inequality
services
goodsor
when
percentto
food
the by
can
needed
take
went
Family
down
addressing
be
talipapa
straight •
part
Education
from from
from
extended 43.5
the problems
the
sari-sari
ina making
percent
to
stores
the
enable
•the
to
of 39.2
everyone
people
Clothing
•• which
But
Planners arethem
expenses
supermarkets
Pay with more
arenot
by alsoto
just
expensive
able
credit enjoy
of
employing
a
increased
to select
since
determine
and
cards in by more
few
workers
• Employment 48 preparation
the
wholesale
obtained percent
store and
needs
Health
Often
Dinning
••decisions
enhance
out
pay
is
the
more
that on
affect
political credit
convenient planning
and
their
stability
food
of lives
the and
country
decent
proprietors
from
the
and
• Shelter
from
andbases
from and
P67,661
problems
grocery
within trips
banks
develop whichthecomfortable
themselves
to
of
are
the P100,194
the
time
makes
importance
buy
poor (NSO)
them
and
consuming
• Political
communities itof life
from
therefore
cheaper
self-help
• It
• Health care services
livelihood
supermarkets
prevent errors,
also connotes failures,
social statusand white elephants
participation
Thank You and Goodnight