HIGH RISK

WORKPLACE :
CONFINED SPACE
MUHAMMAD HAFIZ ADLI BIN MOHD YASIN (2019413514)
MEGAT MUHAMMAD WAFI BIN MEGAT MOHD HASRAF (2019237804)
NURUL AMALIN BINTI YATRI (2019441782)
NUR QURRATUL AIN BINTI SYARIFUDDIN ZAINI (2019430574)
INTRODUCTION OF
CONFINED SPACE
 WHAT IS CONFINED SPACE?

• Generally speaking, a confined space is a fully or partially enclosed space that:

• is not primarily designed or intended for continuous human occupancy
• has limited or restricted entrance or exit, or a configuration that can complicate first aid,
rescue, evacuation, or other emergency response activities
• Confined space can be below or above ground. Confined spaces can be found
in almost any workplace.
• A confined space , despite its name, is not necessarily small.
• Examples of confined spaces include storage tanks, water supply towers and
manholes.
DESCRIPTION OF
CONFINED SPACE
• One of industry that contain confined space is oil and gas industry.
•  Workers are often required to enter spaces for inspection and maintenance.
• The workers who enter these spaces expose themselves to very serious
hazards.
• Many hazards can be present in confined spaces :
Atmospheric Hazards
Excessive Heat
Explosion
• There are two different kind of confined spaces :
Non-Permitted Space : This type of confined space is a very basic, low-
hazard area.
Example : Tanks , Sand storage containers
Permit-Required Space : It contains, or could contain a hazardous
atmosphere.
Example : Process vessels , pipelines , gasoline storage tank
RISK/ACCIDENT INVOLVE
IN CONFINED SPACE
 DIFFICULTY BREATHING

• There may be an insufficient amount of oxygen for the worker to breathe.

• The atmosphere might contain a poisonous substance that could make the worker ill or
even cause the worker to lose consciousness.
• Natural ventilation alone will often not be sufficient to maintain breathable quality air.
 HEAT STROKE
• The enclosed nature of a confined space can increase the risk of heat
stroke or collapse from heat stress if conditions are excessively hot.
• The risk may be cause by the wearing of personal protective equipment or
by lack ventilation.
• This also can cause paralysis and death.
 DROWNING
• Liquids or solids can flow into the confined space causing drowning,
suffocation, burns and other injury.
• Solids in powder form may also be disturbed in a confined space resulting
in an asphyxiating atmosphere.
CONTROL MEASURE TO
REDUCE
RISK/HAZARDS
 1. ELIMINATE THE HAZARDS

• Eliminate the unwanted gases, heat generated, dust, and smells from
the space.
• We can eliminate the hazards by initial cleaning such as draining and
purging the unwanted gases.
 2. ENGINEERING CONTROL

• The engineering control commonly used in confined spaces is

mechanical ventilation.
• For most confined spaces, fans or other air-moving equipment can
provide adequate ventilation.
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
 3. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL

• The Entry Permit system is an example of an administrative control

used in confined spaces.
• The workers start work only after the permit is approved by Entry
Supervisor (ES) & Permit Issuer (PI).
• To ensure the safety of the individual entering the confined space , the
entry permit system has been devised.
 4. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 

• Head Protection : Wear hard hats. Hard hats will protect you from physical
hazards, such as falling objects. It’s always important to find the right fit to protect
your head and causing head injuries.
• Safety Harness : Full-body harness that serves as a lifeline are required in many
confined spaces.
• Respiratory health : A face respirator mask can protect workers from these airborne
contaminants that can potentially cause cancer, lung impairments, and even death. 
EXAMPLE OF PPE
THE END