Concrete II

Abdul Tawfiq Pouya

Lecturer at civil engineering department

Email : Atawfiq@kardan.edu.af Tawfiq.pouya@yahoo.com
Mobile:+93(0) 771478851
 Introduction to Shear Wall
For tall buildings it is necessary to provide adequate stiffness to resist the lateral
forces caused by wind and earthquake.

When such buildings are not properly designed for these forces there may be very
high stresses, vibrations, and sides way when the forces occur.

The results may include not only severe damages to the buildings but also
considerable discomfort for their occupants.
 Introduction to Shear Wall
When reinforced concrete walls with their very large in-plane stiffness is placed at
certain convenient and strategic locations, they can often be economically used to
provide the needed resistance to horizontal loads.

Such walls, called shear walls, are in effect deep vertical cantilever beams that
provide lateral stability to structures by resisting the in-plane shears and bending
moments caused by the lateral forces.
 Introduction to Shear Wall
As the strength of shear walls is almost always controlled by their flexural
resistance, their name is something of a misnomer.
It is true, however, that on some occasions they may require some shear
reinforcing to prevent diagonal tension failures.

The usual practice is to assume that the lateral forces act at the floor levels. The
stiffness of the floor slabs horizontally are quite large as compared to the stiffness
of the walls and columns.
Thus it is assumed that each floor is displaced in its horizontal plane as a rigid
body.
 Shear Wall Location
Figure shows the plan of a building that
is subjected to horizontal forces.
The forces are applied to the floor and
roof slabs of the building, and those
slabs, acting as large beams lying on
their sides, transfer the loads to the
shear walls A and B.
Should the lateral forces be coming from
the other direction, they would be
resisted by the shear walls C and D.
 Shear Wall Location
Shear walls may be used to resist lateral forces only, or they may be used in
addition as bearing walls.

Furthermore they may be used to enclose elevators, stairwells, and perhaps

restrooms, as shown in Figure.

These box-type structures shown are very satisfactory for resisting horizontal
forces
Shear Wall Location
Shear Wall Location
 Shear Wall Stiffness
When earthquake-resistant construction is being considered, it is to be
remembered that the relatively stiff parts of a structure will attract much larger
forces than will the more flexible parts.

A structure with reinforced concrete shear walls is going to be quite stiff and thus
will attract large seismic forces. If the shear walls are brittle and fail, the rest of the
structure may not be able to take the shock.

But if the shear walls are ductile (and they will be if properly reinforced), they will
be very effective in resisting seismic forces.
 Shear Wall Importance
Tall reinforced concrete buildings are often designed with shear walls to resist seis
mic forces, and such buildings have performed quite well in recent earthquakes.

During an earthquake, properly designed shear walls will decidedly limit the
amount of damage to the structural frame.

They will also minimize damages to the nonstructural parts of a building, such as
the windows, doors, and ceilings partitions.
 ACI Provisions for Shear Walls
1- Determination of Effective Depth:
 ACI Provisions for Shear Walls
2- Shear Strength of Shear Wall
The factored beam shear must be equal to or less than the design shear strength
of the wall.

The shear strength Vn at any horizontal section in the plane of the wall may
not be taken greater than
 ACI Provisions for Shear Walls
3- Determination of concrete shear strength

4- Design of horizontal shear reinforcements

5- Design of vertical Reinforcements

6- Determination of shear wall moment

7- Design of flexural reinforcements

 Example
Design the reinforced shear wall shown for fc= 3000psi and fy=60000psi
 Exercise
Design the shear wall shown