31/09/2018

Atoms
Done by: Pooneh Seyedi
Chemistry 10B
Teacher in Charge: Ms. Afshari 1
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Contents

Mass/charge of
Atoms subatomic particles

Size of atoms Models of Atoms

Atomic number and

Atomic structure mass number

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Atoms

 Atom - The smallest unit that can be called an element.

 All matter is made up of atoms.
 There are many different types of atoms, each with its own name, mass and size.

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Size of atoms

 An atom is a million times smaller than the thickest human hair.

 The diameter of an atom ranges from about 0.1 to 0.5 nanometers (1 × 10−10 m to 5 × 10−10 m).
 If 100,000,000 carbon atoms were placed in a line, the line would only be 7.7 mm long.

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Atomic structure

Atoms contain three subatomic particles:

1. Protons (Positive charge)
Nucleus
2. Neutrons (No charge)

3. Electrons (Negative charge) ENERGY

LEVELS

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An Atom’s Nucleus and Shells

 The nucleus is the center of an atom. It is made up of nucleons (protons and neutrons) and is
surrounded by the electron cloud.
 In chemistry, an electron shell, or a principal energy level, may be thought of as an orbit followed
by electrons.

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Relative mass Electric Charge

Proton 1 amu +1 Almost all of the mass in an atom is

made up from the protons and neutrons
in the nucleus with a very small
contribution from the orbiting
Neutron 1 amu 0 electrons.

Electron 1/1836 amu -1

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Models of atoms throughout history

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Atomic number and mass number

Atomic number (proton number) and mass number are used to describe atoms.
Each atom has a different atomic number and mass number.
ATOMIC NUMBER: number of protons
MASS NUMBER: number of protons + number of neutrons

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Continuation

We can use the atomic mass and atomic number of an atom to find how many protons, neutrons,
and electrons are in an atom.
 Number of protons / electrons = atomic number
 Number of neutrons = mass number – atomic number ( Remember A= Z + N)

Example: Thus,
Number of Protons = 6
Number of Electrons = 6
Number of Neutrons = 12 – 6 = 6 10
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Example!

Work out the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in a

magnesium and beryllium atom based on the info given to you. (Round
the mass number to the nearest hundredth)

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Answers

Beryllium:
 Protons: 4
 Electrons: 4
 Neutrons: 9 – 4 = 5

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Electronic structure

 The electrons are arranged in shells (energy

levels).
 Each shell can contain only a fixed number of
electrons: The first shell can hold up to two
electrons, the second shell can hold up to
eight electrons, the third shell can hold up to
18 and so on.

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To sum up… 31/09/2018

 Atoms are the smallest unit of matter

 Atoms are tiny
 They consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons. They have a nucleus and surrounding orbits (shells)
 Atomic number is the number of protons/electrons. Mass number is the number of protons and neutrons.

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The end

Thank you for your attention.

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