SOURCES OF

HISTORYChapter II
ANTHROPOLOGY
is the study of all aspects of human life and
culture which gives us the idea of what makes
us human while Anthropologists study human
language, culture, societies, biological and
material remains, the biology and behavior of
primates, and even our own buying habits.
ARCHEOLOGY
is the study of past cultures that gives us an
idea how things might have looked like a
particular time while Archeologist study artifacts
(material equipment made by people of the past
like (tools, pottery and jewelry) and fossils
(preserved remains of plants, animals and
people of a remote geological past).
ANDREAS TEODOR
JAGOR

A German traveler, reported

having encountered a priest is
Naga, Camarines Sur who collected
artifacts from ancient graveyards.
ANTOINE-ALFRED MARCH
An early archeological
undertaking in the Philippines began
with the first major expedition in
1881 by this Frenchman in the
island of Marinduque and other sites
in Central Philippines. Most of his
collection are now with the Musee
de l’homme in Paris and some in
DR. ANTONIO DE MORGA
Described the ancient
artifacts that were recovered by
farmers in Luzon, particularly
in Ilocos, Pangasinan,
Pampanga and Manila. These
were clay vessels of dark brown
color and some marked with
characters in his Success de Las
CARL EUGEN
GUTHE
He carried the second major
archeological exploration from the
University of Michigan from 1922 –
1925. With his team, they conducted
several test- digs in Palawan, Bohol,
Northern Mindanao and other places
in Central Philippines. The purpose
of this Michigan archeological
expedition was to collect Chinese
HENRY OTLEY BEYER
 born in Edgewood
 -married to Lingayu Gambuk, the 15 year- old daughter of a
powerful Ifugao chief in 1910.
 He considered as the Father of Philippine Archeology and
Prehistory.
 The discovery of a major archeological site in Novaliches in
1926, resulting from construction of a dam for Manila’s water
supply, was Beyer’s first archeological research in the country
 In 1947, Beyer published the Outline Review of Philippines
Archeology by Island and Provinces, a pioneering research
activity in Philippine prehistory.
 LARRY WILSON
-a mining prospector, assisted
Beyer in the exploration of numerous
Pleistocene sites in Northern Luzon. It
was Beyer who first disclosed the
importance of Palawan in the research
for early man in the Philippines.
 WILHELM G. SOLHEIM II
-conducted the first post- war excavations in Masbate Island
from 1951 – 1953. Alfredo Evangelista and E. Arsenio Manuel
assisted him in undertaking the work.

-Between 1950 and 1954, Solheim was the research

associated with the Museum of Archeology and Ethnology of the
University of the Philippine and the librarian and curator of the
American Historical Collection of the U.S. embassy in Manila.
• FROM 1958 – 1962, ROBERT B. FOX AND ALFREDO
EVANGELISTA

-BOTH WORKING FOR THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE

PHILIPPINES
-UNDERTOOK SERIES OF TEST- DIGS IN THE CAVE OF
CAGRARAY, ALBAY AND BATO, SORSOGON.

TRADEWARE CERAMICS FROM CHINA AND THAILAND WERE

RECOVERED IN CALATAGAN.
FOX LED THE TABON CAVES ARCHEOLOGICAL PROJECT IN
SOUTHWESTERN PALAWAN, RESULTING IN THE
UNEARTHING OF LATE PLEISTOCENE HUMAN FOSSILS AND
STONE TOOLS AND IMPLEMENTS.
NEIL MCINTOSH OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY IN
AUSTRALIA UNDERTOOK THE ANALYSIS AND X- RAYS OF THE
TABON SKULLCAP AND MANDIBLE IN 1975. DETAILS SHOWED THE
PRESENCE OF A THIN FISSURE ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE SKULL
WHICH ACCORDING TO MCINTOSH, MAY HAVE BEEN THE CAUSE OF
DEATH OF THE INDIVIDUAL. IT WAS PROBABLY DUE TO A FALL OR A
BUMP ON THE HEAD.
IN 1963 – 1964 MARCELINO MACEDA OF SAN CARLOS UNIVERSITY,
TECHNICALLY ASSISTED BY THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, CONDUCTED
ARCHEOLOGICAL EXCAVATION AT KULAMAN PLATEAU IN BUKIDNON AND
RECOVERED A NUMBER OF LIMESTONE BURIAL JARS. NORTH OF HIS PLACE,
SAMUEL BRIONES, A GRADUATE STUDENT AT SILIMAN UNIVERSITY
REPORTED A PRESENCE OF LIMESTONE BURIAL JARS IN SEVERAL CAVES HE
VISITED IN 1966.VIN 1963 – 1964 MARCELINO MACEDA OF SAN CARLOS
UNIVERSITY, TECHNICALLY ASSISTED BY THE NATIONAL MUSEUM,
CONDUCTED ARCHEOLOGICAL EXCAVATION AT KULAMAN PLATEAU IN
BUKIDNON AND RECOVERED A NUMBER OF LIMESTONE BURIAL JARS.
NORTH OF HIS PLACE, SAMUEL BRIONES, A GRADUATE STUDENT AT SILIMAN
UNIVERSITY REPORTED A PRESENCE OF LIMESTONE BURIAL JARS IN
SEVERAL CAVES HE VISITED IN 1966.
 PREPARED BY:
ANGELIKA MAGNO
AICYLEEN LOPEZ
JANE CRISTELLE
LLAMADO