Pre - Colonial Philippines

Traditional Filipino Communities

Barangay – Social organization with broader political,
economic and religious features than the family.
- The term barangay came from the word
balangay, which means boat.

Blood Compact – locally known as sandugu. Traditional

ceremony signifies that the partakers of
such rite become blood brothers.
Traditional Filipino Communities
Ranks of pre- colonial Filipino community:
1. Datu or Rajah – ruling class
2. Maharlika – the aristocracy
3. Timagua – common class
4. Alipin – dependent class

* Datu or Rajah – Ruled the barangay. Datu exercised

administrative powers, exercised legislative powers, calling
his people all together and securing the consent. He has the
duty to protect his community and was given judicial
powers. Control over disposition of barangay real property
was vested in their chief.
Traditional Filipino Communities
Maharlika – Include the family, relatives and elders of the
datu as members of aristocracy. Maharlikas were believed to
be the descendants of mixed marriages between a ruling
dynasty and one put out of power.

Timawa – Class enjoyed their rights to a portion of the

barangay land. Their normal obligation was agricultural labor
but they were also called to catch fish, to accompany
expeditions or paddle boats.

Alipin – was a man indebted to another. Person may be born

alipin, for that reason he was called gintubo. He inherits the
debt of his parents.
Traditional Filipino Communities
Two kinds of alipin:

1. Aliping Namamahay – The alipin with land rights. He

owned a house.
- He came at his master’s call to work on
fields and do other services.
2. Aliping Sagigilid – were members of the master’s
household who ate from their master’s
pot.
Religion, beliefs, livings and arts
Bathala or Abba
- the supreme God of the Tagalogs
- he was said to inhabit a faraway realm of eternal
space kown as kalwalhatian (state of bliss) where good soul
would go to and kasamaan where bad soul would go to a
place of doom.

Linawig
- for Botoc and Kankanays of Central Cordillera, was
the creator and preserver of life.

Kabunian
- the highest of all the deities among the Ifugaos.
Religion, beliefs, livings and arts
Minor gods and idols
Lakambini - the god of throat
Bibit – who was offered food by the people for good
health
lacambacod – guard of the crops
lakapati – who was the god of the fields and had half-
woman and half-man figure

One of the most popular religious ceremonies during the

ancient times was the paniniwala, frequently celebrated for
thanksgiving and curing illness.
Religion, beliefs, livings and arts

Tribe Priest who performs rituals:

1. Baylan
2. Babaylan
3. Katalonan
4. Daetan

BABAYLAN
Meat was primarily provided during rituals and feasts. The
everyday meal of the early Filipinos include rootcrops, fruits
and fish. The staple food of the early Filipinos was rice.
Religion, beliefs, livings and arts
In many provinces winemaking is an age-old enterprise.
Tuba - most popular wine, made from the sap of the coconut
or nipa palms.
Basi - Ilocano wine from sugarcane juice.
Pangasi – Visayan wine made from rice.
Lambanog – Tagalog wine produced from distillation of tuba.
Tapuy – Igorot wine made from rice.
Religion, beliefs, livings and arts
The musical instruments played by the natives:
1. Kudyapi – Tagalog guitar
2. Kaleleng – Tinggian nose flute
3. Babandil – Maguindanoan gong
4. Kulintang – Muslim xylophone
5. Tultugan – Visayan bamboo drum
6. Silbay – Ilocan reed flute
7. Suracan – Subanan cymbal
8. Tambuli –trumpet made from carabao horn
9. Bungkaka – bamboo buzzer
Religion, beliefs, livings and arts
Long before the coming of
Spaniards, the natives of
the islands were already
wearing clothes. Men wore
collarless, short sleeved
coat called kangan and a
strip of cloth called bahag
wrapped around the waist
and between the legs.
Usually, they wear putong a
piece of cloth worn around
the head. The women wore
a wide sleeved blouse
called baro. Their skirt was
called patadyong.
 The Islam and
Sultanate
14th Century

• Tuan Masha’ika brought the Islamic faith in Sulu and

established the first Muslim Community in the archipelago.
• Karim Ul Makhdum was mentioned in the
Tarsilas(records).Noted as judge and scholar in Mecca.
• After converting the sultan and the people of Malacca, he
went to sulu for missionary work.
• He built Mosque and Tubig-Indagan on the Island of simunul
and won many converts particularly in Buansa(ancient capital
of Sulu).
• Rajah Baginda-Ali is a Muslim Prince in Menangkabau,
Sumatra, landed at Buansa.
• He Overpowered native resistance because his warriors
fought with firearms, the first to be used in combat in the
Philippine soil.
• In 1450 A.D Sayid Abu Bakr, and an arab authority on
Islamic Religion and law arrived in Buansa, Sulu from
Johore Malacca.
• He married Princess Paramisuli, a daughter of Rajah
Baginda ali.
• They gave the title Sharif Ul hashim to Abu bakr after he
became the first Sulatan sultanate of Basilan,Tawi Tawi
and Jolo.
• In the 16th Century, more muslims migrated in the
Philippines.
• Sharif Muhammed Kabungsuwan a Johore muslim attributed
to the Islamic conquest of Mindanao.
• He also transformed the Muslim Tausugs into a powerful
Army.
• He unified the coastal and the Hill Dwellers of Sulu.
 PREPARED BY:
QUIZON, PATRICK JOHN G.
COLOCAR, JIREH ADELE
PULGAR, PAUL PATRICK