COX-2 Inhibitor

.Chamomile
:Supervised by
Dr. Sabah .
. Dr. Najwa

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 Done by:
Bodoor Saber
Bashayer Al-Shuhail
Safaa Dumyati
Ghadeer Joudah
Sarah Al-Gethami

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 Introduction

Prostaglandins are the cause of inflammation.

Pain-relieving pharmaceuticals known as nonsteroidal anti-

inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

act by inhibiting COX enzymes.

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 For centuries natural remedies have been used :

Green tea

Ginger

Turmeric

Chamomile,

Rosemary,

Hops

Oregano.
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 Matricaria Recutita
Family : Asteraceae.

Part Used: flowers.

Other names:

• German chamomile

• Wild chamomile

• Pin heads

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 Morphology:
grows up to half a meter in height.
white and yellow simple daisy-like flowers.
The stems are erect, branching and hairless
the plant has delicate and feathery leaves.
German chamomile has a distinctive sweet apple
fragrance.

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 Chemical Constituents:
flavonoids (including flavonols and methoxylated flavones)
including apigenin.
Polysaccharides.
Essential oils make up 0.24 - 1.9% of constituents. Up to 50%
of the essential oil is made up of bisabolol oxides A and B.
Chamazulene is the major active constituent of the oil with
the deep blue colour characteristic of chamomile oil.
Alpha-bisabolol exists only in its laevo-rotary form in
chamomile oil. Synthetic alpha-bisabolol is optically inactive..
Cyclic ethers

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 Uses Based on theory:
• Abdominal bloating, antispasmodic, anorexia, constipation, heartburn.
• Abortifacient, dysmenorrhea, menopause, menstrual cramps, menstrual
disorders,
• Abrasions, abscesses, acne, antipruritic, bruises, burns, contact
dermatitis,
• Antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic, parasites/worms,
• Anticoagulant, blood purification
• Gout, arthritis, inflammatory conditions, osteoporosis, rheumatism
• Diuretic, kidney disorders, bladder disorders,
• ,Antioxidant, cancer,
• Sinusitis, asthma.

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 Uses Based on Evidence :
Anti-cancer activity
• Apigenin inhibits carcinogenesis

Anti-inflammatory activity
• Alpha-bisabolol has analgesic effects.
•Flavonoids inhibit oedema.

•Inflammation inhibited by topical apigenin

•Matricine has anti-inflammatory action

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 Antimicrobial activity
•Alpha-bisabolol has antimicrobial properties
•Chamomile oil inactivates bacterial toxins
•Growth of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus inhibited by
chamomile
•Umbelliferone is fungostatic .

Antioxidant effects
•Chamazulene inhibits leukotriene B4 formation

Antiulcerogenic activity
• Alpha-bisabolol is antiulcerogenic

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 Antiviral activity
• Apigenin inhibits herpes viruses
• Apigenin inibits HIV activation
• Chamomile inhibits polio virus
Central nervous system response
• Alpha-bisabolol is antispasmodic
• Apigenin shows anxiolytic and sedative
activity

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 Choleretic activity
• Chamomile increases bile production
Connective tissue regenerator
• Alpha-bisabolol promotes granulation and tissue regeneration
• Alpha-bisabolol shortens healing time of burns .

Immunomodulatory effects
• Extracts enhance proliferation of lymphocytes after
stimulation with allogenic cells in vitro
Inhibition of lipoxygenase, lipid peroxidation
• Chamazulene inhibits lipid peroxidation
Uterine tonic
• Chamomile has uterine tonic effect

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 Interactions with drugs:
Chamomile may increase the amount of drowsiness caused
by some drugs.
In theory, chamomile may increase the risk of bleeding
when used with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs.
Chamomile may interfere with the way the body processes
certain drugs using the liver's "cytochrome P450" enzyme
system..
Constituents in chamomile may alter blood sugar or blood
pressure.
Chamomile may have anti-inflammatory effects.

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 Thank You

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