APOLLO COLLEGE OF

VETERINARY MEDICINE

HISTOLOGY OF
UTERUS

Submitted by: Submitted to:

MADDURU SAI KOUSHIK The department of anatomy
1st year, roll no: 41
 Introduction to Uterus
• Uterus is hollow muscular pear
shaped organ lies in the pelvic
cavity between urinary bladder
and rectum.

• It is about 7.5cm long,5 cm wide and

its walls are about 2.5 cm thick and
weighs about 30 to 40 grams.
 Introduction contd….
Blood supply : Uterine arteries

Arterial blood supply :Branches of internal

iliac artery.
 Ovaries :ovarian arteries

Venous blood supply : internal iliac

veins
 Nerve supply :

Parasympathetic fibres from the sacral

outflow and sympathetic fibres form
lumbar out flow
HISTOLOGY OF UTERUS
≈Thick wall made up of
muscle
≈Covered by peritoneum
≈ Small lumen lined by
mucus membrane
 Histology contd……..

•Wall of uterus has three layers ,they are

1.Peritoneum
2.Myometrium
3.Endometrim
 1.Perimetrium
• Typical serosa consisting single layer of
mesothelial cells supported by
connective tissue

• Folded on to the upper part of

urinary bladder called vesicounter
pouch
PERITONEUM CONTD….

• Folds on rectum called rectouterine

pouch

• Laterally it form double fold with uterine

tubes ,cover fundus only called as broad
ligament
2.Myometrium
• Massive coat of smooth muscle
arranged In bundle ,separated by
connective tissue
• 3 layers
• A inner layers of longitudinal muscle
fibres : the startum subvasculare
• A thick middle layer of cirucular and
obligue muscle fibres :stratum vasculare
 MYOMETRIUM CONTD….
• An outer thin longitudinal layer beanth
perimetrium :startum supravascular.

• The muscle cells have great elongation

power
contractionof the muscle responsible for expulsion
of the fetus at the time of chlid birth.
 3.ENDOMETRIUM
• Mucus membrane of the uterus
• Columnar epithelium containing mucus
secreting tubular gland

• Consists of lamina propria

• Blood vessel and stroma also under go

cyclic changes
ENDOMETRIUM CONTD..
• Has two layers

1.Upper functional layer thicker and reach in

blood vessel ,shed of during mestruation.

2.basal layer lies next to myometrium ,fresh

functional layer generated during each
cycle.
ENDOMETRIUM CONTD……
 Lining epithelium before menarche
are ciliated

 Epithelium rest on stroma ,highly cellular,

vascular & contain glands lined with
columnar epithelium

• Menstrual phases: postmenstrual

(thin),proliferative ,secretory(thickest) and
mestrual
 CERVIX
• Cervix is somewhat different than body
of uterus.

• Mucus membrane has number of oblique

fold called palmate folds.

• Mucosa show small glandular cyst called

as ovula nabothi.
 CERVIX CONTD…..
• Mucus membrane lined with ciliated and
non ciliated epithelium.

• Near the external os lined with startified

squamous epithelium.

• Stroma under lying epithelium is less

cellular than body.
CERVIX CONTD…..
• Narrow lumen with tremendous capacity of
dilation during child birth.