INDUSTRIAL

REVOLUTION
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• The Industrial Revolution, which began in England about
1760, led to radical changes at every level of civilization
through out the world

• The growth of heavy industry brought a flood of new building

materials—such as cast iron, steel, and glass—with which
architects and engineers devised structures hitherto undreamed
of in function, size, and form.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AT
DIFFERENT PERIODS
1851

1853

1876

1889
 THE GREAT EXHIBITION (1851)
• The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all
Nations or The Great was held in Crystal Palace  in Hyde
Park, London, from 1 May to 11 October 1851
•  It was the first in a series of World's Fair exhibitions
of culture and industry that became popular in the 19th century.
• The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations
was organized by Prince Albert, Henry Cole, Francis
Henry, George Wallis, Charles Dilke and other members of
the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures
and Commerce as a celebration of modern industrial technology
and design. 
 The British exhibits at the Great Exhibition "held the lead
in almost every field where strength, durability, utility and
quality were concerned, whether in iron and steel,
machinery or textiles.
GREAT EXHIBITIONS SINCE THEIR BIRTH IN
LONDON’SHYDE PARK IN 1851,HAVE SERVED
REPEATEDLY AS A TESTING GROUNDS FOR NEW
ARCHITECTURAL IDEAS.

JOSEPH PAXTON’S CRYSTAL PALACE SOON BECAME THE

MODEL FOR OTHER EXPERIMENT IN IRON AND GLASS

ITS IRON FRAME WAS PREFABRICATED IN SECTIONS

AND ITS GLASS PANELS,SET INTO WOODEN SASH
BAR,WERE OF STANDARD 4 FEET LENGTHS.

IT WAS THE LARGEST BUILDING EVER

CONSTRUCTED,WITH AN AREA OF 770,000 SQ.FT.
• The Koh-i-Noor, meaning the "Mountain of Light," was
the worlds largest known diamond in 1851. It was one of
the most popular attractions of the India exhibit and was
acquired in 1850 as part of the Lahore Treaty.
• The Daria-i-Noor, one of the rare pale pink diamonds in
the world, cousin of Koh-i-Noor
• The early 8th-century Tara Brooch, discovered only in
1850, the finest Irish penannular brooch, was exhibited by
the Dublin jeweller George Waterhouse along with a
display of his fashionable Celtic Revival jewellery.
• Alfred Charles Hobbs used the exhibition to demonstrate
the inadequacy of several respected locks of the day.
• Frederick Bakewell demonstrated a precursor to
today's fax machine.
• Mathew Brady was awarded a medal for his daguerreotypes.
• William Chamberlin, Jr. of Sussex exhibited what may have been the
world's first voting machine, which counted votes automatically and
employed an interlocking system to prevent over-voting.
• Firearms manufacturer Samuel Colt demonstrated his prototype for
the 1851 Colt Navy and also his older Walker and Dragoon revolvers.
• The Tempest prognosticator, a barometer using leeches, was
demonstrated at the Great Exhibition.
• The America's Cup yachting event began with a race held in
conjunction with the Great Exhibition.
• George Jennings designed the first public conveniences in the Retiring
Rooms of the Crystal Palace, for which he charged one penny.
• Gold ornaments and silver enamelled handicrafts fabricated by
the Khudabadi Sindhi Swarankar from Sindh.
• C.C. Hornung of Copenhagen, Denmark, showed his single-cast iron
fraMe for a piano, the first made in Europe.
Great Industrial Exhibition (1853 )

The Great Industrial Exhibition in

1853 was held in Dublin, Ireland.

 It was the largest international event to

be held in Ireland. 

The intent of the exhibition was to

introduce the industrial revolution to
Ireland, which was behind some other
European countries.
• The exhibition itself financially ruined William Dargan (Ireland's
greatest railway engineer and promoter of the exhibition) but laid
the foundation for the construction of the National Gallery of
Ireland
• On May 12, 1853, when the exhibition opened, the architect
(who had also been the architect for the industrial
exhibition held in Cork the previous year), John Benson, was
granted a knighthood
Centennial Exposition
• The Centennial International Exhibition of 1876, the first
official World's Fair in the United States, was held
in Philadelphia,Pennsylvani, from May 10 to November 10,
1876, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the signing of
the Declaration of Independence in Philadelphia
•  Officially named the International Exhibition of Arts,
Manufactures and Products of the Soil and Mine, it was held
in Fairmount Park along the Schuylkill River on fairgrounds
designed by Herman J. Schwarzmann

•  The idea of the Centennial Exposition is credited to John L.

Campbell.
• More than 200 buildings were constructed within the
Exposition's grounds, which were surrounded by a fence nearly
three miles long

• Exhibits inside the Main Building dealt

with mining, metallurgy, manufacturing, education and science.
• Invention -Typewriter, Sewing machine, Telephone

• The formal name of the Exposition was the International

Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and products of the Soil and
Mine, but the official theme was the celebration of the United
States Centennial.

• At the same time, the Exposition was designed to show the

world the United States' industrial and innovative prowess
MEMORIAL HALL
The Ohio House is one of only four buildings remaining
from the exposition, including Memorial Hall and the
Centennial comfort station
Horticultural Hall, Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, PA
(1875–76, demolished 1954). Stereoscopic view from Robert N.
Dennis Collection, New York Public Library.
Interior of Horticultural Hall. (1876)
The Centennial Tower, a 1,000-foot-tall (300 m) tower
conceived in 1874 by engineers Clarke and Reeves for the 1876
Exposition, was featured in the January 24, 1874 edition
of Scientific Americanbut never built.
Main Exhibition Building, Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, PA
(1875–76, disassembled and sold 1881). In terms of total area
enclosed, 21½ acres, it was the largest building in the world.
• Technologies introduced at the fair include the Corliss Steam
Engine. Pennsylvania Railroad displayed the John Bull steam
locomotive that was originally built in 1831

• Waltham Watch Company displayed the first automatic screw making

machinery and won the Gold Medal in the first
international watch precision competition
• .
• Consumer products first displayed to the public include:
Alexander Graham Bell's telephone
Remington Typographic Machine (typewriter)
Heinz Ketchup
Wallace-Farmer Electric Dynamo, precursor to electric light
Hires Root Beer
Kudzu erosion control plant species
Exposition Universelle (1889)
• The Exposition Universelle of 1889 was a World's Fair held
in Paris, France from 6 May to 31 October 1889.
• The main symbol of the Fair was the Eiffel Tower, which
served as the entrance arch to the Fair.
• Invention Phonograph
• The Exhibition included a building by the Paris architect Pierre-
Henri Picq. This was an elaborate iron and glass structure
decorated with ceramic tiles in a Byzantine-Egyptian-
Romanesque style.

Central Dome of the Gallerie des

Machines, Exposition Universelle
de Paris, 1889, by Louis Béroud
(1852-1930
PLAN OF EXHIBITION