Social, Political,

Economic, and Cultural

Issues in Philippine
History
 Corruption in the Philippines
 Evidence of corruption accounted to billions of money lost to projects anomalies, procurement process,
paid barrel scam, ill-gotten wealth, and many other forms of corruption. A few government officials
were already jailed on these matters but some remain “untouched”.
 Philippines is losing around P700 billion, or around 20 percent of the country's total budget
appropriation, yearly, due to corruption in the form of rigged public biddings, substantial works and
cost budding.
 Social Weather station (SWS) -15% of the cost of all government contracts is lost to corruption.
 Political and Economic Risk Consultancy (PERC) – 6th most corrupt in Asia
 Transparency International (TI) – ranked 77 among the 102 countries in terms of fighting graft and
corruption. Also we got 2.6 in corruption index with 10 as the highest possible score for a country that
has no corruption.
 Presidential Commission on Good Governance (PCGG) has only recovered a total of 85 billion in an
ill-gotten wealth.
 Poverty
 is a consequence of many causes.
 Population Commission (POPCOM) – 32 million Filipinos who are poor in 2002
affecting 33.7% of all Filipino families’ urban areas and 46.9% in rural areas.
 In 2015, 26 million Filipinos remain poor compared to the 2002 report.
 National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) – out of the 16 regions, 5 had
lower poverty levels – all located in Luzon.
 Metro Manila – 5.7%, Central Luzon – 17%, Region 4(Southern Tagalog) – 20.8%:
Region 2 (Cagayan Valley) – 24.8% and Ilocos 29.6%.
 The PSA said the poverty threshold per family amounted to P10,481 a month. An
income below this amount would categorize a family as being poor and an income
above this would mean a family is nonpoor. The poor in the Philippines are most
likely self-employed farmers, fishermen, or other agricultural workers.
 Overpopulation
 Every year, more than one million people is added to the existing population. Because of the
higher number of birth and lower percentage of deaths.
 108,116,615 is the total 2019 population at midyear according to UN data. Our population is
equivalent to 1.4% of the total world population. The Philippines ranks number 13 in the list of
countries (and dependencies) by population.
 The population density in the Philippines is 363 per Km2 (939 people per mi2).
 The total land area is 298,170 Km2 (115,124 sq. miles)
 47.1 % of the population is urban (50,971,408 people in 2019)
 The median age in the Philippines is 24.4 years.
 8 Causes of Overpopulation: False beliefs, Natural birth control rather than artificial birth
control, lack of family planning, lack of knowledge in the use of Contraceptive devices, teenage
pregnancy is on the rise, pornography, idleness of the parents and lack of recreational facilities
and centers.
Unemployment and Underemployment

 Unemployment fell to 5.1 percent from 5.5 percent while underemployment eased to
13.5 percent from 17 percent, the PSA said.
 Employed persons include those working either part-time or full-time. Full-time
workers, or those who work 40 hours or more per week, comprise 67.6 percent of
employed workers while the rest are part time.
 The underemployed are those who wish to work additional hours, have an additional
job or a new job with longer working hours (no stable source of income)
 Criminality
 refers to conditions and behaviors that the State has agreed constitute "crimes" or offences against society.
These are usually codified by statute(s) known as criminal laws or codes.
 Rape cases are increasing daily, it is estimated that there are 8 cases of rape each day and one rape
incident every 3 hours.
 Singapore was named the safest city with 16.23 percent crime and 83.77 percent safety rates. Valenzuela
City is next with 25.21 percent and 74.79 percent crime and safety rates, respectively. The crime volume
nationwide has declined by 10 percent for the month of May compared to the same month last year as a
result of an intensified drive against crime and lawlessness.
 Records from the Philippine National Police (PNP) Directorate for Investigation and Detective
Management revealed that the total crime volume in May 2019 is 38,284 as compared to 42,527 for the
same period last year.
 Child Abuse
 is when a parent or caregiver, whether through action or failing to act, causes injury, death, emotional
harm or risk of serious harm to a child.
 Physical violence (66.3%) and psychological violence (62.8%) are the most common forms of child
abuse. The study was conducted among the 3,866 study respondents, aged 13 to 24, from 17 regions in
the Philippines.
 a) Psychological and physical abuse, neglect, cruelty, sexual abuse and emotional maltreatment
 b) Any act by deeds or words which debases, degrades or demeans the intrinsic worth and dignity of a
child as a human being
 c) Unreasonable deprivation of the her/his basic needs for survival such as food and shelter
 d) Failure to immediately give medical treatment to an injured child resulting in serious impairment of
her/his growth and development or in her/his permanent incapacity or death
 Prostitution
 The sale, purchase and exchange of a woman's body for sexual exploitation for cash, profit or other
considerations/favors. In 2013, it was estimated that there were up to 500,000 prostitutes in the
Philippines, from a population of roughly 97.5 million.
 In the United States prostitution was originally widely legal. Prostitution was made illegal in almost
all states between 1910 and 1915 largely due to the influence of the Woman's Christian Temperance
Union, which was influential in the banning of drug use and was a major force in the prohibition of
alcohol.
 Cybersex
 also called computer sex, Internet sex, netsex and, colloquially, cyber or cybering, is a
virtual sex encounter in which two or more people connected remotely via computer
network send each other sexually explicit messages describing a sexual experience.
 Filipino victims have fallen prey to sexual predators from around the world, with the
cybersex trade becoming a livelihood for poor families as fees range from $20 to $50
(about P1,000 to P2,600) per session or per week. Some 80 percent of victims are minors,
and half of this chunk are 12 years or younger, data from the International Justice Mission-
Philippines showed.
 Illegal Drugs
 According to the reports of the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) a few years ago, there were about 2 to 3
million Filipinos who are drug pushers and more than 2 million Filipinos are illegal drug users. The use of
methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu has become the “most popular substance for drug abuse” in the
Philippines.
 Marijuana is the next common drug sold by some of the Filipinos in the country, especially in the
countryside according to the PNP. About 10 percent of marijuana supply in the world might be coming from
the Cordillera region because there were marijuana plantations that have been found in the Cordillera
farmlands in the past.
 Ecstasy is another illegal drug that is being famously used by popular personalities and well-to-do
people because of its high price in the market.
 MDMA (Methylenedioxymethamphetamine), also known as ecstasy. Psychoactive drug with stimulant
and psychedelic effect that is primarily used as recreational drug. Drugs sold under street names ecstasy,
molly, or mandy. Are often advertised as pure MDMA, but are often mixed with multiple other drugs.
 Ecstasy has a very serious effect on the human body and brain. It makes the brain release the chemicals
serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine.
 Death toll - The number of people who die in an accident, disaster, war, etc.
 Below were the figure based on revised PNP data at the end of that period.
 7,080-total number of people killed in #WarOnDrugs since July 1, 2016
 2,555-suspected drug personalities killed in police operations, as of January
31, 2017
 3,603-victims in cases of deaths under investigation, as of January 9, 2017
 922-victims in cases where investigation has concluded, as of January 9,
2017
 As of 6am of September 14, 2017 the number of suspects killed in police
operations reached 1,506.
 Double Barrel ‘and TokHang ‘Campaign - The PNP calls its campaign against
illegal drugs “Oplan Double Barrel” . Meanwhile, Project “Tokhang” – a
contraction of “toktok” and “hangyo”
 Violence Against Women (VAW)
 Also known as biased violence, is collectively, violent acts that are primarily or
exclusively committed against women. This type of violence is gender based
meaning that the acts of violence are committed against women expressly because
they are women. Violence against women can fit into several broad categories.
These include violence carried out by " individuals" as well as "state" some of the
forms of violence perpetrated by individuals are rape, domestic prenatal, sex or
sexual harassment, reproductive coercion, female infanticide, prenatal sex selection,
obstetric violence and mob violence as well as harmful customary or traditional
practices such as honor killings, dowry violence, female genital mutilation,
marriage by abduction and force marriage.
 Violence In School
 started many years back but are continuously for learners. Shootings, stabbings, fighting, and
even suicide often occur daily, some died, others were seriously injured. Classmates,
schoolmate and terrorist are the common culprits of school violence It is even reported that
the schools are no longer a very safe place for studying and learning for pupils and students.
Some teachers and administrators have been murdered inside the school campus.
 For this reason. The Department of education (Deped) ordered the creation of CPC. In every
school when it issued Department order No. 40 on May 14, 2012 and adapted its policy and
guidelines in protection of children in school from abuse, violence, exploitation,
discrimination, bullying and other forms of abuse.
 Squatting in the Philippines
 is a huge social and economic problem in the Philippines. More so
because squatters protected by law that make it difficult to remove them
from properties they infest. Presidential decree 722(PD 722) effected by
former President Ferdinand Marcos in 1975 made prosecuting
"squatting and other criminal acts squatting under PD 772 was clearly a
criminal undertaking as Section 1 of decree states.
 There are more than 544,609 households of informal settlers (squatters)
in Metro Manila, representing about 20% of the total 2.6 million
household population in that city.
 Street Children
 They are mostly the children of poor families, broken families, product of prostitutions, and others who work in the streets
selling or begging others are being use by adults or their parents to beg for them to earn a living. The End Child
prostitution in Asian Tourism (ECPAT) showed that the Philippines had more than 2 million children living or working in
the street of about 65 cities .Metro Manila alone had at least 7,000 street children since 2007, approximately 70% of the
children are boys, Out concern to street children is that some of them are sexually exploited, driven to commit a crime or
prostitution. They do not only as beggars but as pickpockets, snatchers, thieves, robbers and pimps. A few of them use
illegal substance
 Three different categories of street children:
 - make up approximately 75% of the street children. They work on the streets but do not live there. They generally have a
home to return after working, and some even continue to attend school while working long hours on the streets.
 -make their homes on the street. They make up 25%-30% of the street children in the Philippines. They often create a sort
of family with rarely tend to them or view them negatively.
 - Completely abandoned children have no family ties and are entirely on their own for physical and psychological survival
they make up approximately 5%-10% of the street children.
 Illegal Gambling
 isa crime and those who commit such crimes are arrested and
prosecuted. Gambling purse is a crime because there is betting- and
betting is a form of gambling. Gambling is allowed when it is allowed
by law and compliance with legal requirements of the law or
ordinance.
 The governments promotes casino operations, lottery (Sweepstakes,
lotto, and other forms) , jai-alai, text gambling . But bans “jueteng”
Jueteng is rampant even now in some regions of the country. The
police force could not totally eradicate this form of gambling because it
is the favorite game to win by many average and low earners in the
locality.
 Counterfeiting products and other items
 if there are fake news, there are also fake products, fake money, fake logos , fake brands, etc. All of these
fake matters have started in the fast and are still being done today. It has never been stopped due to bribery
and corruption. Philippine and foreign currency are often Counterfeiting
 The Brand Protection Association (BPA) composed if multinational companies base in the Philippines said
that counterfeiting and even piracy problems are not limited to CD’s , VCD’s and computer software but
also affect top brands of garments , bags , wallets , medicines, shoes, LPG Batteries, Lamps, Bulbs, and
Switches , brandy, vodka, cigarettes , soaps , shampoo. Laser printer. Toner and ,Ink cartridges , sofa ,beds ,
hacksaws , toys and electronic goods
 As a result of counterfeiting and piracy, the government is losing about 1.5billion pesos in potential
revenues annually. Likewise pharmaceutical companies are losing revenues due to fake drugs and smuggled
medicines because about 30 to 40 percent of total products in the pharmaceutical section are being lost due
to counterfeiting and piracy
 Working Children
 Nowadays, many children are working to earn a living for
themselves and/or for their families .This is a very critical poverty
incidence and a critical issue and concern in the country today.