Earthquake Resistant

Design of Structures
IS 13920: Ductile detailing of RC
structures subjected to seismic
forces – code of practice
 Performance
criteria
 Moderate Earthquake
– Without structural damage
– Could occur a number of times in the life span
– Code based design seismic coefficients

 Large earthquake
– Without collapse
– May occur once in the life of the structure
– Not catered by the codal design seismic co-efficient
– Additional resistant by incorporating details for
ductility
 Zoning Map (under
revision)

 Ductility – to enable the structure to absorb

energy during earthquakes to avoid

sudden collapse

 Details for ductility in IS 13920

 High-Strength; High-Stiffness; Brittle

Moderate Strength and Stiffness; Ductile

W/
V
) noit ar elecc

Low-Strength; Low-Stiffness; Brittle

Roof-top Displacement
A(
 Need for
ductility
 Earthquake resistant design – costs money
 Cost increases geometrically for no damage
design
 Codes adopts lower coefficient
– reduction factor
 Provisions for durability for once in life
earthquake
 Design criteria is no-collapse design

 IS-13920 – 1993 detailing for ductility

 Principles of
ductility

 Avoid shear failure

 Avoid compression failure

 Ensure continuity

 Confine the critical areas where hinge can form.

 IS 13920-
1993
 Applicable for structures located in

– Zones IV and V
– Zone III and I > 1
– Zone III and is an industrial structure
– Zone III and more than five stories
Critical zones in R.C.
Frames
Where plastic hinge can form and requires proper
confinement:
 Ends of beams upto length of 2d
– Large negative moments and shears

 Moment reversal is possible

 Ends of columns
– – about 1/6 of the clear height

 Beam column joints

– Reversible local shear
 Beam
s

 Width to depth ratio > 0.3

 Width not less than 200mm

 Depth not greater than 0.25 times span

 Minimum number of bars: 2

 Detailing of
Beams
 Member size proportions
– Web width  200mm –
• For proper detailing and confinement
– Overall depth D  0.25 of clearspan

 Longitudinal reinforcement
– Minimum longitudinal steel = 0.24
(fck)/fy
• Equals .00259 for M20 and F415
– Maximum long steel on any face, 0.025
 Detailing of
Beams

– Minimum compression steel,  0.5 Ast

• Ensures tensile failure
– Minimum two bars (equal to trim) throughout the
length of beam at top and bottom
– Full bond length = Ld + 10 times dia. of bar
– Splice near quarter-span points, only 50%,
• Lap length = Ld
• Confined within stirrups spaced @ 150 mm
 Detailing of
Beams

 Transverse reinforcement
– Transverse stirrups designed to ensure shear
capacity exceeds the flexure load capacity
– Spacing of stirrups
• at ends upto 2d  d/4,  8 times dia. of
smallest bar, > 100 mm
• Elsewhere  d/2
Fig.1 Anchorage of Beam
Bars in an External
Joint
Fig.2 Lap, Splice in
Beam
Fig.3 Beam Web
Reinforcement
 Minimum percentage of steel = 0.24  fck / fy

 Maximum Steel Ratio

0.25 times ‘+’ steel at support +0.5 times ‘-’ steel

 Minimum steel ratio 0.25 ‘-‘ steel ratio at joint
 Development length: ld + 10 dia.

 Splicing
Hoops at 100mm c/c
No laps at joints within 2 dia or 1/4th span
Not more than ½ the bars to be
lapped
 Web reinforcement

Bent-up bars cannot take shear

Fig.5 Beam
Reinforcement
 Typical Details of
Reinforcement of Main
Beams
 Column
s
 Minimum dimension not less than 200mm
 - do - not less than 300mm
for span > 5m or height > 4m

 Footing stirrup shall continue 300mm into

footing
 Special Ductility
Provision
Ash = 0.09 S Dk (fck / fy) [ Ag / Ak – 1 ] for
circular
= 0.18 S h (fck / fy) [ Ag / Ak – 1 ] for
rectangular
 Detailing of
Columns

 Member size proportions

– Minimum side dimensions
• b  200 mm and
• b  300 mm if beam span exceed 5m or
unsupported column height exceeds 4 m.
– Preferable ratio of sides, b/d > 0.4, D is
larger side dimension
 Detailing of
Columns
 Longitudinal Reinforcement
– Splice not more than 50% at any section
• Within middle half height
– Proper detailing where columns area extends
more than 100 mm beyond confined core.
(Fig. 6 of code)
• If extended portion is non structural provide
minimum long and transverse steel as per IS 456.
 Detailing of
Columns
 Transverse Reinforcement
– Transverse tie
• Closed hoops
• Ends bent through 135° with length 10 dia of stirrps as
is crucial to ensure adequate dimension
– Special confinement steel in the end region of column
for a length larger of:
• 450 mm
• 1/6 of clear height
• Longer lateral dimension (D) of the column
 Detailing of
Columns
– Specing(s) of special confining reinforcement at end
regions
• S  b/4, b is the smaller dimension
• 100 mm  &  75 mm
– Spacing elsewhere  b/2, b is smaller dimension
– Area of cross section of bar forming special
confining hoop shall be calculated as per clause
• 7.4.7 for spiral
• 7.4.8 for rectangular stirrups
 Fig.6 Reinforcement
requirement for Column with
More Than 100 mm
Projection Beyond Core
Fig.7 Transvers
Reinforcement in
Column
Fig.7
A
Fig.8 Calculation of
Design Shear Forces for
Column
Fig.9 Column and Joint
Detailing
Typical Section of
Column
Fig 10 Provision of Special
Confining Reinforcement
in Footing
 Shear
Walls

 Minimum thickness 150mm

 Preferably 200 mm with 2 layer steel

 Minimum steel 0.0025 inch in each direction

 Check for shear

 Boundary
Elements
 To be designed as columns

Minimum steel 0.8%

Maximum steel 6%
 Coupled shear
wall
 Provide diagonal steel
 As = Vu / (1.74 fy sin )

 Openings

 Provide the interrupted beams on

either side
 Fig.11 Special Confining
Reinforcement Requirement for
Columns Under Discontinued
Walls
Fig.12 Columns with
Varying
Stiffness
 Conclusio
ns

 India has a well developed code

 Problem lies in compliance

 Introduce earthquake engineering in

curriculum

 Update knowledge
THANK YOU