MISSION MANAGEMENT

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NETWORK TECHNIQUES
CPM

Prepared By
Shubham Tiwari

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Network Analysis

It is the techniques used to break down a complex projects data into its components parts
( activities, events, duration etc.) and plotting them to show their interdependencies and
interrelationship.

Why Network Analysis in Project Management?

It is because
• Doing effectively & efficiently
• Less wastage
• Proper use of material
• Timely start of a project
• Timely completion of a project

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NETWORK ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES

There are five techniques in Network Analysis

1. CPM ( Critical Path Method)
2. CCM ( Critical Chain Method)
3. PERT ( Program Evaluation & Review Techniques)
4. GERT ( Graphical Evaluation & Review Techniques)
5. MPM ( Metra Potential Method)

Mainly we have to study two methods from the above-

6. CPM
7. PERT

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1. Critical Path Method ( CPM) / Work Breakdown Structure
A method of network analysis used by the business organization to understand the elements, tasks or works
involved in a project.
It is helpful in
• Identifying the tasks involved
• Time estimates of every activity
• Time taken to complete the whole project
• Completing the project on time

Developed by US Navy in 1950s

Calculation required in CPM

• Construction of CPM network
• Critical Path and project completion time

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• Computation of free floats and total floats for non critical activities
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Question -Build Beyond Book
Activity Nodes Time ( days)
A 1-2 3
B 1-3 4
C 1-4 14
D 2-3 10
E 2-6 5
F 3-5 4
G 3-6 6
H 4-5 1
I 5-6 1

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Calculate ES, EF, LS, LF, TF, FF, IF & critical path
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Activity Nodes Time (t) ES (i) EF LS LF (J) TF FF IF
A 1-2 3 0 3 0 3 0 0 0
B 1-3 4 0 4 9 13 9 9 9
C 1-4 14 0 14 3 17 3 0 0
D 2-3 10 3 13 3 13 0 0 0
E 2-6 5 3 8 14 19 11 11 11
F 3-5 4 13 17 14 18 1 0 0
G 3-6 6 13 19 13 19 0 0 0
H 4-5 1 14 15 17 19 3 2 -1=0
I 5-6 1 17 18 18 19 1 1 0

• ES = Early start ( written always tail event)

• EF = Earliest finish = ES + time
• LF = Late finish = ( Jega means Head event)
• LS = Late start = ( LF – time)
• TF = Total float = LS – ES or LF –EF

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• FF = Free float = TF – s(j), where s(j) means slack of (j)- head event
• IF = Independent float = FF – s(i), where s(i) means- slack of tail event
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Tips to remember

All left side is ES ( tail event)

1-2 All right side is LF ( Head event)
1-3
1-4
2-3
etc.
Now,
There are two methods of finding our critical path
1. The longest duration taken by project
2. For 2nd method we have to find all the time to determine our critical path ( more convenient)

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Important points
• The value of ES on 1 nodes is always 0, because everything's starts from 0
• For ES- take maximum value
• For LF- take minimum value
• LS & EF at last point is always same
• LS & ES at first point is always same
• After calculation of ES and LS, we calculate SLACK on each activity
• SLACK is positive difference between LS & ES

So, for determining critical path by 2nd method – we have to consider all those activities upon which
Slack value is 0
Therefore critical path = 1-2-3-6
= 3+10+6 = 19 days

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