LTE RF Optimization V1.3

07/19/2020 Security Level:
LTE RF
Optimization Guide
V1.3
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Change History
Date Version Description Author
2009-07-13 0.5 Draft. LTE RNPS
2009-07-16 1.0 Version 1.0 LTE RNPS
2012-09-21 1.1 Version 1.1 (Update) Li Chiwei
2013-04-11 1.2 Version 1.2 (Update) Li Jisheng
2013-06-24 1.3 Version 1.3 (Add External Interference Yang Lei
Detection and antenna system Optimization
.etc)
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

Preface
Tomeet
To meetcustomers'
customers'requirements
requirementsfor
forhigh-quality
high-qualitynetworks,
networks,LTE
LTE
networksmust
networks mustbe
beoptimized
optimizedduring
duringand
andafter
afterproject
project
implementation.
implementation.
Radiofrequency
Radio frequency(RF)
(RF)optimization,
optimization,as
asaasignificant
significantstage
stageof
ofnetwork
network
optimization,focuses
optimization, focuseson
onoptimizing
optimizingthetheradio
radiocoverage,
coverage,and
and
controllingthe
controlling theimpact
impactof
ofpilot
pilotpollution,
pollution,to
toguarantee
guaranteedistribution
distributionof
of
radiocoverage
radio coverageto
tobe
benormal
normalduring
duringthe
thenext
nextstage
stageservice
service
parametersoptimization.
parameters optimization.
Thisdocument
This documentprovides
providesguidelines
guidelinesof
ofnetwork
networkRF
RFoptimization
optimizationfor
for
RNP/RNOtechnician
RNP/RNO technicianand
andengineer.
engineer.

Reference Documents
 LTE Performance Optimization Guideline

 LTE Interference Detection Guide V1.1
 GUL Joint Optimization Algorithm Instructions

Contents
Chapter 1 RF Optimization Introduction
Chapter 2 RF Optimization Solutions
Chapter 3 Cases Analysis

RF Optimization Principle(1/2)
 From major to minor
 Generally, solve global problems first, and then local problems, on the principle of from
major to minor.
 Be cautious with coverage adjustment
 It’s not easy to control coverage, especially in complicated scenarios. So all the coverage
adjustment must be based on well-known environment, well-grounded data, and well-
organized engineering calculation.
 Definite solution objective
 A clear image of the expected results and possible influence of the optimization solution is
required. Suggest to do coverage simulation.
 Test and verification
 All coverage adjustments must be verified (or performed while being tested), and
preferably are verified with background indicators.

RF Optimization Principle(2/2)
 RF optimization in combination with system optimization
 RF optimization must be combined with hardware status and background system
configuration.
 Both indoor and outdoor considerations
 Before an adjustment solution is determined, coverage targets must be established, with
indoor coverage taken into consideration.
 Once and for all
 Antenna adjustment is costly in both time and money, so it is critical to master a solution
to the maximum extent for less rework.

RF Optimization Methods
Antenna Tilt Adjustment Antenna Azimuth Adjustment
Power Adjustment RF
Change antenna
Optimization Add TMA
Antenna Height Adjustment Change site and antenna position,

Site type, new site/RRU

LTE RF Optimization 3 Essentials
LTE Uu interface quality
optimization objects:
 RSRP （ signal level ）
LTE network optimization  SINR （ signal
LTE
objective: quality ）
optimization
 Mean/Edge throughput 3 essentials
 RACH success rate
 Call drop rateText
 Handover success rate LTE optimization method:
 Other performance  Engineering parameters adjustment
indicators  Alarm check
 Soft parameter adjustment (power,
handover parameter .etc)
 Baseline comparison and
optimization simulation analysis

Contents

Sections

 2.1 RF Optimization Flow
 2.2 Optimization Concerns
 2.3 Optimization Scene classification
 2.4 Optimization Steps

Network Optimization Flowchart
New site
on air RF optimization
Service test and

Single site parameter optimization
verification
Are KPI
requirements met?
No
Are clusters
ready? Yes Yes
No
End

Network Optimization Flow
 Single site verification
Single site verification (SSV) is the first stage of optimization, which relates to the
function verification of each new site. The aim of SSV is to ensure the installation and
parameter configuration of each base station to be correct.
 RF Optimization
RF (or Cluster) optimization begins after SSV of all sites finished, and it aims at optimize
the coverage, control the radio of pilot pollution, and guarantee the distribution of radio
coverage normally until the next stage service parameters optimization. The detail works
include the adjustments of antenna system parameters ,neighboring cell and PCI .etc.
To eliminate the hardware fault, it is better to traverse all cells during the first RF
optimization test.
PS: Refer to LTE SSV guide and template

LTE RF Optimization Flow(1/2)
Start
Gen
e
incl rally, o
u n
Test preparations clus de 20~ e clust
t 3 e
star er optim 0 sites, r
 Establish optimization objectives
 Partition clusters t a
 Determine test routes 80% after m ization nd
o
 Prepare tools and materials in th sites’ S re than can
is cl S
uste V pass
Parameter check r. ed
 PCI collision detection
 Neighboring cell configuration detection
 Engineering parameter check
 Soft parameter configuration check
Adjustment & Implementation

Yes Do the parameters  Engineering parameter adjustment
have problems?  Neighboring cell adjustment
 PCI adjustment
 Other configuration adjustment
No
Data collection
Problem analysis
 Drive test/ MR/ MDT data
 Coverage/ interference problem
 Indoor measurement
analysis
 ENODEB configuration data
 Handover problem analysis
 Soft parameter configuration check
 Throughput/ spectral efficiency problem
analysis
No
Yes
Do the KPIs meet End
the
requirements?

LTE RF Optimization Flow(2/2)
Preconditions:
To make sure the radio coverage is continuous, LTE network construction should
focus on network planning simulation and sites layout, and select the site location
base on the result of planning.
RF Optimization steps:
RF optimization includes test preparation, parameter check, data collection, problem
analysis and adjustment. Actually, the last 3 steps may be executed repeatedly until
the network KPI reach the references according to the optimization objective and
effect, .
UMTS/LTE dual band network:

Since the UMTS network has been optimized over a long period, LTE optimization
can inherit the results of UMTS selectively, which can reduce the works of
adjustments of azimuth, down tilt, neighboring cell and site.
Co- antenna system scene:

It’s necessary to collect the data of the network, analyze and estimate the impact of
LTE RF optimization schemes before executed.

Sections


LTE RF Key Indicators
 RSRP(Reference Signal Receive Power in single subcarrier)
Since there is case of subcarriers multiplexing in LTE system, RSRP indicates the mean of
power measurement values of pilot signal in single subcarrier (15KHz) but not the entire
frequency bandwidth.
RSRP typical value in existed network: 96.53% region, RSRP>-110dBm.
 SINR ＝ Signal/ (Interference + Noise)

S: Power of measured usable signal. RS and PDSCH should be mainly concerned.
I: Power of measured signals or channel interference signals from other cells in the current system
and from inter-RAT cells.
N: Background noise, which is related to measurement bandwidths and receiver noise coefficients.
SINR typical value in live network: 97.15% region ， SINR>-3dB
PS: Specific coverage acceptance value are based on the results negotiated with
customers only when customer purchase the site choosing service or site planning
review service, otherwise we won’t make any promise related to the coverage.

Reference Indicators of other pilots
Serving Cell RSRP(dBm) Inter-site distance <500m Serving Cell RSRP(dBm) Inter-site distance ≥ 500m
Serving Cell RS SINR(dB) Inter-site distance <500m Serving Cell RS SINR(dB) Inter-site distance ≥ 500m
PS: when referring to these indicators, it’s necessary to match the information such as the
antenna height, inter-site distance, frequency and load.etc.

Concerns(1) Engineering parameter & alarms check
 Engineering parameters check
After engineering parameters checking, we can get the exact engineering
parameters information, which is the precondition of the correct optimization
advice. It’s necessary to check the correctness of engineering parameters and
check the parameters on the station for those with incorrect engineering
parameters.
Check points: antenna height, azimuth, mechanical down tilt, electronic down
tilt, PCI collision, neighboring cells. etc.
 Alarms check
Alarms checking is to eliminate the hardware factor which leads weak coverage.
Check points: standing wave, transmission link, RRU .etc.
 Soft parameters check
Soft parameters check is to confirm whether the default parameters (such as
PA/ PB, CIO.etc) configured in existed network are same with the default
baseline.

Concerns(2) Intra-frequency interference
Figure of LTE intra-frequency
Network structure interference principle
optimization
Cross-coverage
Reference signal control
interference （ adjusting inter-site
distance, antenna
Effect the quality
down tilt ）
Parameters
of pilot signal
optimization
Intra-frequency PCI and neighboring
interference cell optimization
+
Network basic
optimization
Data symbol Coverage control
interference （ power, antenna Antenna port1 Rs
down tilt ）
SINR can not exactly Antenna port2 Rs
characterize interference Interference Control signal Data RE with interference
Avoidance algorithm
User data caused by neighboring cell
ICIC RS is 10% of the total data
Data RE with resource when there is
interference caused zero-load.
by neighboring cell

Concerns(3) Edge performance
Network structure optimization

Cross coverage control
（ inter site distance, antenna down
tilt ）
SINR Parameters optimization
Interference-limited and PCI and neighboring cell optimization

Handover belt
Interference Avoidance algorithm
Performance ICIC
improvement +
Network structure optimization
Add sites
RSRP
Coverage-limited Parameters optimization
Engineering parameters adjustment

（ power, azimuth, down tilt ）

Concerns(4) Cross coverage & coverage overlap
Control starts from network planning
 Antenna height control: control the antenna height to avoid interference caused by cross
coverage
 Inter-Site distance control: avoid inter-site distance <100m in order to avoid overlap
coverage
 Topology structure planning: keep the sites distributing uniform and the angle of intra-site
sectors around 120º, in order to avoid inter-site sectors to be opposite directly.
 Down tilt : should be design as appropriate as possible to avoid large-scale antenna
system adjustment.
The angle of intra-site sectors is small

than 120 °,causing coverage overlap.

Concerns(5) PCI mod 3 collision
After modified PCI 13 to be PCI 17, the SINR 7 mod 3=1, 13 mod 3=1. The cell which PCI is13 caused intra-
increased 7 dB. frequency interference to the cell with PCI 7. It’s necessary to
adjust the PCI of sector 13 to control the interference.
PCI mod 3 optimization should focus on the effect of interference from neighboring cells, can be carried out
through the adjustment of PCI or engineering parameters.

Concerns(6) missing neighboring cell
Due to the missing neighboring cell between the cell with PCI = 0 and the cell with PCI
= , the handover failed, and SINR became very low.
It’s better to check the neighboring cells according to the eNodeB configuration
information, and add the missing neighboring cell as much as possible.

Sections


Scenes of antenna system construction
Intra-frequency
Intra-frequency
multi-ports
multi-ports antenna
antenna
Inter-frequency
Inter-frequency Inter-frequency
Inter-frequency
multi-ports
multi-ports antenna
antenna 4 combined
combined
5 3
SDR
SDR Intra-frequency
Intra-frequency
6 2 combined
combined
LTE
Multi-band
Multi-band 7 antenna system 1 Independent
Independent
combined
combined scenes antenna
antenna system
system
LTE antenna system deployment scenes are diversified.

Antenna system optimization advice
adjustable independent Optimization Effect to live
Antenna system scene
parameters range network
Azimuth, M-down tilt,
Independent Flexible No
E-down tilt, power
Combined (intra-frequency,
inter-frequency, multi-band)
Power Limited Yes
Multi-ports (intra-frequency,
E-down tilt, power Moderate No
inter-frequency)
SDR Power Limited Yes
1) In the scene of independent antenna system, RF optimization analysis and adjustment

methods are as mentioned before.
2) In the scene of combined or SDR, it’s necessary to estimate the impact of existed network
at the beginning of planning(KPI indicators maybe change, inter-modulation interference.etc),
and search proper schemes to optimize the common problems under the premise of the
existed network during optimization.
3) In the scene of multi-ports, it’s essential to evaluate the impact of antenna transformation to
exited network at the beginning of planning, and analyze the indicators if need to adjust the
azimuth during optimization.
Engineering parameters adjustment advice: E-down tilt>M-down tilt>power>azimuth.

Sections


Contents
2.4 Optimization Steps

 2.4.1 Optimization preparation and drive test
 2.4.2 Coverage analysis and optimization advice
 2.4.3 Advice dispensing and trace

Optimization preparation
 Antenna basics knowledge and theory
Acquire antenna basics and theory, the methods to handle the antenna fault alarm and
to adjust the antenna system.
 Tools preparation and application
Acquire the license application process of a variety of software, the application skill of U-
net, probe & assistant, mapinfo and office.etc
 Project basic material collection
Including but not limited to electronic maps, engineering parameters, test routes, project
plans and report templates.etc.
 Site information collection
Including but not limited to the alarms, activation status and parameter configuration.etc.
 Channel of Seeking help
Collect and record the channels of seeking help, including but not limited to telephone,
email and espace.etc

Determine test routes
 The test routes should be confirmed before the drive test and consider optimization and test objectives. Generally, the test
area contains 20-30 eNBs and should select a center site as the test center for the test route. The test route should
traverse as many cells as possible. The speed of drive test should be maintained at around 30km/h.
 KPI test route is the core test route during RF optimization, and its optimization is the core tasks of RF optimization.
Follow-up work, such as parameter optimization, indicator test, will based on this test route. During planning the test
routes, follow factors should be considered:
 Test routes should include main street, important locations, and

VIP areas;
 In order to guarantee the basic optimization effect, the test routes
should include all the cells and traverse all the cells.
 In order to compare the performance before and after the
optimization accurately, it’s better to fix the same test route
during the optimization.
 Repeat test line should be distinguished . Cross and repeat test
line will appear in the test route inevitably, and they can be
marked by line with different color.

Contents

 2.4.3 Advice dispensing and trace

Contents
2.4.2 Coverage analysis and optimization advice

 2.4.2.1 coverage problems analysis
 2.4.2.2 interference problems analysis
 2.4.2.3 handover problems analysis
 2.4.2.4 other frequently appears problems analysis

Coverage performance analysis
Analyze the coverage performance after data collection (DT, MR, MDT).
Lack of a
Weak coverage Cross coverage dominant cell
Weak coverage refers Cross coverage Lack of a dominant cell

to the RSRP of Rs generally means that refers to there are
signal in coverage the coverage area of several high level cell
area is below a an eNodeB goes signals at one position
certain threshold. The beyond the planned of data point, which
threshold should be scope, and generates leads the serving cell
discussed with discontinuous changes frequently.
customer. And its dominant areas in the
reference value is coverage areas of
-110dBm. other eNodeBs.

Factors affecting coverage
Downlink: Uplink:
• Equivalent isotropic radiated • eNodeB receiver sensitivity
power (EIRP) • Antenna diversity gain
• Total transmit power • UE transmit power
• Combining loss • Propagation loss of uplink
• Path loss (PL) radio signals
• Frequency band • Impact of tower-mounted
• Distance between a receive amplifiers (TMAs) on uplink
point and an eNodeB • Frequency band
• Scenario (urban and suburban • Scenario (urban and suburban
areas) and terrains (plains, areas) and terrains (plains,
mountains, and hills) mountains, and hills)
• Antenna gain
• Antenna height
• Antenna parameters (antenna
pattern)
• Antenna tilt
• Antenna azimuth

Resolving weak coverage
 Check the coverage  Deploy new site if coverage  Use RRUs, indoor
planning with simulation hole problems cannot be distribution systems, leaky
tool. solved by adjusting feeders, and directional
 Analyze geographical antennas. antennas to resolve the
environments and check the  Increase coverage by problem with blind spots
receive levels of adjacent adjacent sites to achieve in elevator shafts, tunnels,
eNodeBs. large coverage overlapping underground garages or
 Analyze the EIRP of each between two sites and basements, and high
sector based on parameter ensure a moderate buildings.
configurations and ensure handover area.  Analyze the impact of
EIRPs can reach maximum scenarios and terrains on
values if possible. Note: Increasing coverage coverage.
 Increase RS power. may lead to co-channel and
 Adjust antenna azimuths adjacent-channel
and tilts, increase antenna interference.
height, and use high-gain
antennas.

Find and resolve the Weak Coverage
Obtain the distribution of

signals on test routes by
driving test. Then, find the
weak coverage area based
on the distribution, as
shown in the figure.
Adjust RF parameters of the
eNB covering the area.
Suggest to use U-net to Weak
predict the optimization coverage
effect first. area

Cross Coverage Analysis
Cross coverage means that the coverage scope of an eNodeB

exceeds the planned one, and generates discontinuous dominant areas in
the coverage scope of other eNodeBs.
Cross coverage cell will cause interference to neighboring cells, and will
reduce capacity. To avoid cross coverage, increasing the antenna down tilt
or lowering the antenna height can be implemented. When solving cross
coverage issues, RNP should be cautious to generate new weak coverage
areas. Engineering parameters adjustment should be done very carefully,
because the purpose is to solve cross coverage, not to generate coverage
holes.

Resolving Cross Coverage Problems
Adjust antenna azimuths Adjust antenna tilts or Decrease the antenna

properly so that the replace antennas with height for a high site.
direction of the main lobe large-tilt antennas while Decrease transmit
slightly oblique from the ensuring proper antenna power of carriers when
direction of a street. This azimuths. Tilt adjustment is cell performance is not
reduces excessively far the most effective approach affected.
coverage because of to control coverage. Tilts
reflection from buildings are classified into electrical
on two sides of the street. tilts and mechanical tilts.
Electrical tilts are
preferentially adjusted if
possible.

Find and resolve the cross Coverage
 Symptom
As shown in the upper right figure,
cross coverage occurs in a cell whose
PCI is 288. Therefore, the cell
interferes with other cells, which
increases the probability of service
drops.
 Analysis
According to a check on the current
engineering parameter settings, the tilt
is set to an excessively small value.
Therefore, it is recommended that the
tilt be increased.
 Solution
Adjust the tilt of cell 288 from 3 to 6. As
shown in the lower right figure, cross
coverage of cell 288 is significantly
reduced after the tilt is adjusted.

Analysis of lacking a Dominant Cell
1. In an area without a dominant cell, the receive level of the serving cell is similar
to the receive levels of its neighboring cells and the receive levels of downlink
signals between different cells are close to cell reselection thresholds.
2. Receive levels in an area without a dominant cell are also unsatisfactory which
lead to the SINR of serving cell becomes unstable.
3.The dominant cell for a UE is frequent reselected and changed in idle mode.
4.Due to poor signal quality, UE is prone to handover or drop calls in connected
mode.
5.Specific standard: if the number of neighboring cell which meet the condition: The
neighbor cell number which Serving RSRP-Neighbor RSRP<5db is larger than or
equal to 3, the area is considered to lack a dominant cell, and it can be resolved
along the following recommendation.

Resolving Problems with Lack of a Dominant Cell
Through adjust engineering If the planning result is not

parameter, the lack of matched with the real
dominant cell may be solved. terrain. The adjust
Adjust the antenna tilts and engineering parameters

should based on the real
azimuths of one cell(the
terrain and other
signal is strong or distance is
geography environment.
very close to this area) to
increase coverage, and
decrease coverage of other
cells with weak signals.

Find and resolve An Area Without a Dominant Cell
Symptoms
UEs frequently perform cell
reselections or handovers between
identical cells.
Analysis
Analysis can be based on signaling
procedures and PCI distribution.
According to PCI distribution shown
in the figure, PCIs alternate in two or
more colors if there is no dominant cell.
Solution
According to the coverage plan, cell Lack of a
337 is a dominant cell covering the dominant
cell
area and cell 49 also has strong
signals. To ensure handovers between
cells 337 and 49 at crossroads,
increase tilts in cell 49.

Contents


Signal quality problems analysis
Cell topology
Site selection
Antenna height
Antenna azimuths
Antenna down tilts
PCI plan
I N R pr oblems
of analyzing S
Process

Resolving Signal Quality Problems Caused by
Improper Parameter Settings
Change and optimize PCI based on drive test and performance

Optimize PCI
measurement data.
Adjust antenna azimuths and tilts to change the distribution of signals

Adjust the
in an interfered area by increasing the level of a dominant sector and
antenna system
decreasing levels of other sectors.
Add dominant Increase power of a cell and decrease power of other cells to
coverage form a dominant cell.
Decrease RS power to reduce coverage if the antenna pattern is

Adjust power distorted because of a large antenna tilt. Power adjustment and
antenna system adjustment can be used together.

Analyzing and resolving PCI mod 3 collision
 Analysis based on topology structure
According to the site location

and PCI planning information,
analyze the PCI mod 3
collision, then find out cells with
PCIs mod 3 collision.
 Analysis based on test data Score of PCI mod3 collision
Analyze the PCI mod 3 conflict

degree based on DT/MR/MDT
data, find out and optimize the
cells with serious conflict.

External interference detection
Methods to analyze external interference based on DT LOGs is shown below.
Step1: export the collected DT data as .CSV files by Probe or Assistant;
Step2: import the data in Step1 into NPMaster-LTE tool for data grid compensation
(please download the tool and its specific operation instruction from
http://3ms.huawei.com/hi/group/6753/files.html?cid=all). If the test data is relatively
dense, the above compensation action can be omitted.
Step3: import the data in Step2 into the external interference detection tool for
processing, and then get the samples with external interference;
Step4: display the geographic position
of sites with external interference.
This analysis is just the reference of interference
detection, other ways please refer to <LTE RF
interference analysis guide>

Contents


Handover problems analysis
Handover issue with coverage means the Handover problem caused by
coverage, such as weak coverage, cross coverage, missing neighboring cell.etc.
 Checking handover validity
Obtain source and target cells using drive test software and then check whether handovers
are performed between two cells that are geographically for us.
 Checking coverage
Check source and target cells for weak coverage, cross coverage, imbalance between
uplink and downlink, and carrier-level receive quality and level.
 Check contents
Check handovers based on RSRP measured in UE drive tests.
1. Verify that whether the RSRP value in the expected source and target cells are the
highest.
2. Verify that whether the RSRPs in the source and target cells are reasonable at
handover point. In other words, handovers are not allowed if signal quality is excessively
poor. Specific RSRPs are determined based on the entire RSRPs on a network.

Analyzing and resolving missing neighboring cell
 Analysis based on topology structure
According to the site location and

configuration file (.xml), inspect
and analyze whether there is
missing neighboring cell.
 Analysis based on test data

Inspect the missing neighboring cell based
on DT/MR/MDT data, and optimize the
neighboring cells.
PS: tools for PCI mod 3 conflict and missing neighboring

cell analysis can be download from
http://3ms.huawei.com/hi/group/6753/files.html?&p=1

Contents

Page 52
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
Frequently appears problem (1) call dropping
Common symptoms of call dropping ：
Reason of Cause of
1.SINR < 0dB (demodulation problem occurs) reestablishment Detail reason analysis reestablishment failure
2.Usually occurs behind RRCConnectionReestablishmentFail failure in signaling
or RRCConnectionReestablishmentRej (3 main reasons of RRC
HO Failure Include intra-Ho and inter-Ho HO failure
connection reestablish failure are displayed in the table)
3. without any release message, the connect status switch into Reconfiguration Reconfiguration failure, RRC reconfiguration
idle state directly, that is, UE starts to receive system information. failure integrality algorithm failure failure
(However, receive system information does not means that UE is RLC(uplink SRB or DRB)
in idle state. When in connect status, UE also has opportunities retransmission timeout, MAC
Radio link failure SRI uplink retransmission Other failure
to timeout, loss of downlink-
receive system information in the scene of ending handover, synchronization
returning from no coverage area, system information change,
reestablishing
Typical SINR at new cell.etc.)
distributing in scene of call dropping
Common signaling in scene of call dropping

Frequently appears problem (2) handover failure
Common symptoms of handover failure:
1.Always occurs in the area with low SINR (below 0 dB), especially in the area lack of a dominant cell.
2.UE sent a mass of A3 reports, but did not receive any feedback from eNodeB. At last, it became call droppings. The
following causes may lead UE receives no feedback after sending lots of MRs:
(1)Neighboring cell missing or wrong configured; (2)There are prior signaling to be processed before MR. E.g. eNodeB
sends out RRC Reconfiguration, however, UE does not reply RRC Reconfiguration Complete but reports MR. In this
case, eNodeB will not process the MR; (3) Uplink error TB; (4) the format or ID of A3 MR sent by UE is not in accordance
with the measurement control requirement (A common case in TD-LTE: UE sent A3 MR without receiving measurement
control information after handover into a cell. In the case, eNodeB will not process the A3 MR)
3. Handover didn’t happen in time. The poor PDCCH channel makes the UL Grant low, and MR can not be sent out or
sent out failure. In this case, it’s difficult to receive and demodulate the handover signaling, it will increase handover
failure rate.
Typical SINR& BLER& RSRP in scene of handover failure Typical signaling process in scene of handover failure.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei

1. Confidential
PCI distribution in cluster xx
Page 54
Frequently appears problem (3) DL throughput
Factors affecting throughput (Terminals and core network are not considered).
System resource throughput SINR
Signal Interference Spatial

Frequency Slot Space strength strength correlation
Throughput optimization thinking:

Actually, due to the frequency, slot and MIMO are fixed for a network, there is almost no effective ways
to expand the system resource. What we can do is to compress the overhead of common channel,
paging channel and control channel to increase the resource used for data. However, the negative
impact is large. It’s important to assess fully and then adjust.
On the other hand, SINR is the most important factor in RF optimization, especially for LTE network.
LTE network is intra-frequency, and the intra-frequency interference will be serious in some area.
Therefore, control the coverage is the lifeline of LTE network quality. Through some traditional methods
such as adjust the antenna system, site location and transmission power to optimize the coverage:
maintaining the coverage of the cell, and no interference with adjacent cells.
Criterion of judging whether the throughput
is normal:
The peak throughput of networks with
different Terminals and different bandwidth
is shown in the table. And the THR vs SINR
of network with 20M bandwidth, CAT5
terminal is shown in the figure on the right.

Frequently appears problem (3) DL throughput
Common symptoms of DL throughput problems:
1. Poor throughput mainly appears in the area with poor SINR, especially in the area lack of a dominant
cell;
2. The CQIs of each subband are relatively poor;
3. MCS and BLER are not convergent, and BLER is larger than normal, all the MCSs are low;
4. DL Grant number can not meet full schedule requirement (Due to different subframe configuration,
TDD is different from FDD).
Common factors affecting throughput

Contents

 2.4.3 Recommendation implement and trace

Adjustment implementation records
1. Antenna adjustment, referring to adjust the azimuth and down tilt, is the most common
means and is used to eliminate cross coverage, weak coverage and PCI mod 3 conflict.
Adjustment
2. Antenna system engineering problems rectification refers to rectify the cases such as
implementation
reverse or wrong connection of antenna, VSWR (failed to meet the requirement),
during antenna too high.etc. It’s necessary to test and verify the results after rectified.
optimization 3. Other hardware engineering problems.
PS: Once change the parameters, the related table must be refreshed and
saved in time.
Special Note: all the parameter change implementation need the customers to provide the
condition to access the base stations, coordination between manufacturers, and authorize the
operation and signaling collection on OMC.

LTE RF optimization results monitor
After the implementation of RF optimization, monitor the network for a

week constantly, pay close attention to the change of indicators and
complains, ensure the optimization results as expected.
负荷监控平台性能监控平台
1. Active User 1. Traffic volume KPI

2. PRB usage 2. Access KPI
3. PUCCH Usage 3. Retention KPI
4. PDCCH Usage 4. Mobility KPI
5. GBR QoS satisfaction 5. Throughput KPI
rate 6. …
6. Downlink power M2000 / PRS Platform M2000 / PRS Platform
utilization  customized  customized automatic
7. PRACH Usage automatic report report
8. Paging Usage  load performance  load performance
9. Utilization of warning warning
transmission  periodic report  periodic report

Contents

Case: Adjusting Antenna Azimuths and Tilts
to Reduce Interference
 Symptom
Cross coverage occurs at sites 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, and co-channel interference occurs
in many areas.
 Analysis
According to the analysis of engineering parameters and drive test data, cell density is large in
coverage areas. Coverage by each cell can be reduced by adjusting antenna azimuths and tilts.
 Solution
Change the tilt in cell 28 from 2 degrees to 4 degrees so that the direction points to a
demonstration route. Change the tilt in cell 33 from 3 degrees to 6 degrees so that the direction
points to the Wanke Pavilion. Change the tilt in cells 50 and 51 from 3 degrees to 6 degrees so
that the direction points to the Communication Pavilion. Decrease the transmit power in cell 33 by
3 dB to reduce its interference to overhead footpaths near China Pavilion.
Poor signal
quality before
optimization
SINR before optimization in Puxi SINR after optimization in Puxi

Case: Changing PCIs of Intra-frequency Cells
to Reduce Interference
 Symptom
Near Japan Pavilion, UEs access a cell whose PCI is 3 and SINRs are low. UEs are about 200 m away from the
eNodeB. This problem may be caused by co-channel interference.
 Analysis
This problem is not caused by co-channel interference because no neighboring cell has the same frequency as
the current cell. Cell PCI 6 interferes with cell PCI 3. SINRs increase after cell PCI 6 is disabled. In theory, there is
interference between 2 cells with PCIs mod 3 equal, so staggered PCIs can reduce interference.
 Solution
Change PCI 6 to PCI 8. Test results show that SINRs increase by about 10 dB.
SINR when cell PCI 6 is enabled SINR when cell PCI 6 is disabled SINR when PCI 6 is changed to PCI 8

Case: Handover Failure Caused by
Severe Interference
 Symptom
During a test, handovers from PCI 281 to PCI 279 fail.
 Analysis
Cell 281 is a source cell and is interfered by cells 279 and 178. Delivered handover
commands always fail and cannot be received correctly by UEs. Cell 279 is a target cell
for handover, and its coverage is not adjusted preferentially because the signal
strength in the handover area can ensure signal quality after handovers. Therefore, cell
178 must be adjusted to reduce its interference to cell 281.
 Solution
Adjust antenna tilts to decrease coverage by cell 178.

Case-Reverse Connection of the Antenna
 Symptom
An analysis of the data of a cluster shows
that the cell PCI coverage diagram of
eNodeB 262 is unreasonable, as shown in
the right upper figure, which leads to access
failure and call drop during the test.
 Analysis
An analysis shows that cells 0(9), 1(10), and
2(11) have been connected incorrectly to
cells 1, 2, and 0 in the planning.
 Solution
Submit the problem to the wireless product
support engineers, who is arranged to solve
the problem in the eNodeB through tests and
verification, as shown in the right lower
figure.

Thank you
www.huawei.com

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07/19/2020 Security Level:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 3

 LTE Performance Optimization Guideline

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 4

Chapter 1 RF Optimization Introduction

Chapter 2 RF Optimization Solutions

Chapter 3 Cases Analysis

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 5

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 6

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 7

Antenna Tilt Adjustment Antenna Azimuth Adjustment

Antenna Height Adjustment Change site and antenna position,

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 8

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 9

Chapter 1 RF Optimization Introduction

Chapter 2 RF Optimization Solutions

Chapter 3 Cases Analysis

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 10

Chapter 2 RF Optimization Solutions

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 11

Service test and

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 12

PS: Refer to LTE SSV guide and template

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 13

Adjustment & Implementation

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 14

UMTS/LTE dual band network:

Co- antenna system scene:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 15

Chapter 2 RF Optimization Solutions

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 16

 SINR ＝ Signal/ (Interference + Noise)

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Network structure optimization

Interference-limited and PCI and neighboring cell optimization

Coverage-limited Parameters optimization

Engineering parameters adjustment

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 21

The angle of intra-site sectors is small

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Chapter 2 RF Optimization Solutions

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LTE antenna system deployment scenes are diversified.

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1) In the scene of independent antenna system, RF optimization analysis and adjustment

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Chapter 2 RF Optimization Solutions

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2.4 Optimization Steps

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