LEADERSHIP STYLE,APPROACHES AND

THEORIES
Contents

1. What is leadership
2. Defining A Leader
3. The essence of leadership
4. Importance of leadership
5. Do we need leaders
6. Different Leadership Styles
7. When to use Different Leadership Theories
8. Other referenced approaches
9. Situational of leadership
Reference No. 1,2 WHAT IS LEADERSHIP

What is Leadership

Leadership is a function of knowing yourself, having a

"

vision that is well communicated, building trust among

colleagues, and taking effective action to realize your
own leadership potential."
Reference No. 1,2
DEFINIFG A LEADERSHIP

Defining A Leader

Think of a leader that you worked for or observed…

What does this person do and what qualities does
this person have that make you admire him or her as
a leader?
Reference No. 3 The essence of leadership

The essence of leadership

 Leadership refers to ability of one individual to influence others.

 The influence is exercised to change the behavior of others.
 Change of behavior is caused with an objective of achieving a shared
goal.
 The person influencing others(leader) possesses a set of qualities or
characteristics with which he or she to influence others
 Leadership is a group phenomenon. It involves interaction
between two or more people
Reference No. 1,3 Importance of leadership

Importance of leadership

• Leadership transforms potential into reality .

• Leadership is not mere using people and their
potential for realizing an organization's goals. It has the
ultimate aim of raising the level of human conduct and
ethical aspiration of both the leader and the led.
• The leader should elevate and inspire.
Reference No. 4 Do we need leader
 Reference No. 2
Different Leadership Styles

Different Leadership Styles

• Autocratic (Authoritarian)
• Bureaucratic
• Democratic
• Laissez-Faire
Leadership is the art of giving people a platform for spreading ideas that work.
Reference No. 2,5 Different Leadership Styles

Autocratic (Authoritarian)

• Manager retains power (classical approach)

• Manager is decision-making authority
• Manager does not consult employees for input
• Subordinates expected to obey orders without
explanations
• Motivation provided through structured rewards and
punishments Leaders don't create followers, they create
more leaders.
Leaders don't create followers, they create more leaders.
Reference No. 2,5 When to use Different Leadership Styles

When to use Autocratic

• New, untrained employees

• Employees are motivated
• Employees do not respond to any other leadership style
• High-volume production needs
• Limited time for decision making
• Manager’s power is challenged by an employee

A man is only a leader when a follower stands beside him.

Who are Autocratic
Reference No.2,5 Different Leadership Styles

Bureaucratic
• Manager manages “by the book”
• Everything must be done according to procedure or
policy
• If it isn’t covered by the book, the manager refers to the
next level above him or her
• Police officer more than leader

Leadership is the art of getting someone else to do something you want

done because he wants to do it.
Reference No.2,5 When to use Different Leadership Styles

When to use Bureaucratic

• Performing routine tasks

• Need for standards/procedures
• Use of dangerous or delicate equipment
• Safety or security training being conducted
• Tasks that require handling cash
Reference No. 2,5 Different leadership styles

Democratic
• Often referred to as participative style
• Keeps employees informed
• Shares decision making and problem solving responsibilities
• “Coach” who has the final say, but…
• Gathers information from staff members before making decisions
• Help employees evaluate their own performance
• Allows employees to establish goals
• Encourages employees to grow on the job and be
promoted
• Recognizes and encourages achievement
• Can produce high quality and high quantity work for long
periods of time
Reference No. 2,5 When to use Different leadership styles

When to use Democratic

• To keep employees informed

• To encourage employees to share in
decision-making and problem-solving
• To provide opportunities for employees to
develop a high sense of personal growth
and job satisfaction
• Complex problems that require a lots of
input
• To encourage team building and
participation.
Reference No.2,5 Different leadership style

Laissez-Faire

• Also known as the “hands-off¨ style

• Little or no direction
• Gives followers as much freedom as possible
• All authority or power is given to the followers
• Followers must determine goals, make
decisions, and resolve problems on their own.
Reference No.2,5 When to use different leadership style

When to use Laissez-Faire

• Employees are highly skilled,

experienced, and educated •
Employees have pride in their work
and the drive to do it successfully on
their own
• Outside experts, such as staff
specialists or consultants are being
used
• Employees are trustworthy and
experienced
 Reference No.2 Other referenced approaches

Other Referenced approach

Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership

Based on the amount of direction (task-behaviour) and amount of socio-emotional

support (relationship-behaviour) a leader must provide given the situation and the
"level of maturity" of the followers.
 Reference No.6
Other referenced approaches

Trait Approach Trait Approach

 Traits (examples) – Extraversion – Conscientiousness – Openness

 Assumption: Leaders are born
 Goal: Select leaders
 Problems – Traits do not generalize across situations – Better at predicting
leader emergence than leader effectiveness

© 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. Behavioral

 Other referenced approaches
Reference No.6

Behavioral Approach Behavioral Approach

 Ohio State Studies/U. of Michigan – Initiating Structure/Production Orientation

– Consideration/Employee Orientation
 Assumption: Leaders can be trained
 Goal: Develop leaders
 Problem: Effective behaviors do not generalize across situations
Reference No. 6,7 Approach of leadership style
Reference No.7 Situational of leadership
References / Resources

1.Ivanka Menken.(2009). Organizational Behavior and Leadership Management

Essentials.(revised ed.).
2.https://www.slideshare.net/margaretlakra/leadership-46603028
3.https://www.slideshare.net/mohinisahoo/leadership-styles-11043101?from_action=sa
ve
4.https://www.bitlanders.com/blogs/leader-we-need-having-qualities/189127
5.https://www.forbes.com/sites/markmurphy/2019/11/24/does-anyone-actually-like-
autocratic-leaders-new-data-says-yes/
6.https://www.slideshare.net/shini93/leadership-basic-approaches-33967448
7.https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_organizational-behavior-v1.1/s16-04-what-is-the-
role-of-the-contex.html