“STATISTICS: CHALLENGES AND

OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE

TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY”
NATIONAL STATISTICS DAY 29TH JUNE 2020

By
P Naresh Kumar
MSc ( Quan.Eco), MSc(Stat), Mphil
Econometrician
APCRDA, Lenin Center, Vijayawada
naresh.peesapati@gmail.com
Guest Lecture at
Sri Durga Malleswara Siddharha Mahila
Kalasala(Autonomous), Vijayawada
CONTENTS
 National Statistics Day
 What is Statistics?

 History and Development of Statistics

 Importance of Statistics in Different Fields

 Statistics and Computer

 Statistics Courses and Job Market

 Summary
NATIONAL STATISTICS DAY
 Celebrations of 127th birth anniversary of Professor P.
C. Mahalanobis on Statistics Day.
 Born: 29th June 1893
HIS CONTRIBUTIONS
 Bengali Scientist and Applied Statistician
 Member-First Planning Commission

 Member-National Income Committee

 In the second five-year plan he emphasized

industrialization on the basis of a two-sector model
 Founder-Indian Statistical Institute

 contributed - design of large-scale sample surveys

And many more

WHAT IS STASTISTICS?
 a branch of mathematics dealing with the
 collection,

 analysis,

 interpretation, and

 presentation of masses of numerical data

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF
STATISTICS
 Before 3000 BC - Babylonians used small clay tablets to record tabulations of
agricultural yields and of commodities bartered or sold.

 The Egyptians analyzed the population and material wealth of their country before
beginning to build the pyramids in the 31st century bc.

 The biblical books of Numbers and Chronicles are primarily statistical works, the
former containing two separate censuses of the Israelites and the latter describing
the material wealth of various Jewish tribes.

 Similar numerical records existed in China before 2000 BC.

 The ancient Greeks held censuses to be used as bases for taxation as early as 594
BC.
 Some scholars pinpoint the origin of statistics to 1662, with the publication
of Natural and Political Observations upon the Bills of Mortality by John
Graunt.
 Early applications of statistical thinking revolved around the needs of
states to base policy on demographic and economic data, hence its stat-
etymology.
 Pierre-Simon Laplace (1774) made the first attempt to deduce a rule for the
combination of observations from the principles of the theory of
probabilities.
 The method of least squares, which was used to minimize errors in data
measurement, was published independently by Adrien-Marie Legendre
(1805), Robert Adrain (1808), and Carl Friedrich Gauss (1809).
 At present, statistics is a reliable means of describing accurately the values
of economic, political, social, psychological, biological, and physical data
and serves as a tool to correlate and analyze such data.
 The work of the statistician is no longer confined to gathering and
tabulating data, but is chiefly a process of interpreting the information.
 The development of the theory of PROBABILITY increased the scope of
statistical applications.
 Much data can be approximated accurately by certain probability
distributions, and the results of probability distributions can be used in
analyzing statistical data.
 Probability can be used to test the reliability of statistical inferences and
to indicate the kind and amount of data required for a particular problem
STATISTICS IN DIFFERENT FIELDS
Business – E.g. Production Planning, Quality Control

Economics- National Income Estimation, relation between

exchange rate and Exports Demand

Mathematics

Banking- Profitability analysis, Queing Process

State Management-State policies formulation, Evaluation of impact

of schemes

Accounting and Auditing- Use of sample surveys in Audit

Natural and Social Sciences- commonly used for analyzing

experiments results
STATISTICS AND COMPUTER

•"The advent of the computer has certainly revolutionised the practice of

statistics." (Speed, 1985).
•"It is clear that both the theory and practice of statistics are being
revolutionised by the computer and that, as a result, radical changes are
taking place in the teaching of statistics." (Lunn. 1985)
SOME OF THE STAT SOFTWARES
 SPSS
 STATA

 Gretl (open license)

 SysStat

R

 Statistics

 Limdep

 E-views

 SAS
 There are two different ways in which the computer is changing the
field of statistics.
 First, computers can help us to do what we did before the advent of the
computer but in a more efficient way.
 Second, computers can help us to do things nobody thought of before
the advent of the computer
 To the first category belong statistical data analysis by numerical and
graphical methods, and simulation; to the second belongs, for example,
different computer intensive methods
STATISTICS COURSES-JOB MARKET
 M.Sc Stat
 M.Stat (@ISI Kolkata)
 MSc Computer Sci. and Stat
 PG Diploma in Business Analytics (@IBM)
 MSc. Acturial Statistics (@Madras School of Economics)
 Actuaries-Institute of Actuaries India
 Msc. Biostatistics and Demography-@ IIPS
 MA/MSc Population Studies
 M.Sc Econometrics
 MA/MSc Economics
 SQC
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
 Biostatistics is the application of statistical methods to research in
medicine (clinical trials), public health, epidemiology or biology.
 Statistical epidemiology is an emerging combination of the
disciplines of epidemiology and biostatistics that aims to bring more
statistical rigour to the field of epidemiology. (e.g. SAS Clinical
trials)
 Insurance Companies-Acturies
 Software Consultancy Firms- Business Data Analytics, Big Data
Analytics
 Govt- Directorate of Economics and Statistics, RBI, CSO, NSSO
and other research institutes
 Manufacturing Sector-Quality Control unit
 Political Parties- Election Polls
 Stock Market-Financial Analysis
 Manufacturing Firms-Sales Forecasting, Quality Control
 You may browse
 https://www.naukri.com/statistics-jobs
 https://www.naukri.com/actuarial-jobs
Big data-Big Challenge
The next frontier for innovation, competition,
and productivity
 The amount of data in our world has been exploding, and analyzing
large data sets—so-called big data—will become a key basis of
competition, underpinning new waves of productivity growth,
innovation, and consumer surplus, according to research by MGI and
McKinsey's Business Technology Office.
 Leaders in every sector will have to grapple with the implications of
big data, not just a few data-oriented managers. The increasing volume
and detail of information captured by enterprises, the rise of
multimedia, social media, and the Internet of Things will fuel
exponential growth in data for the foreseeable future.
REFERENCE
 https://www.worldofstatistics.org/
WITH BEST WISHES

THANK YOU