SET, RELATION and

FUNCTION
SET

 Is a collection of well defined distinct objects.

Example

 Vowels of English Alphabet

V = {a,e,i,o,u}

 First seven prime numbers

x = {2,3,5,7,11,13,17}
Set Equality

 Set Equality

Two sets A and B are equal if and only if they

contain the same elements.
Examples
 A and B are the ff. sets:
A = {2,7,11,9} B = {7,9,2,11}

Are A and B equal sets?

 S and L are the ff. sets:

S = {6,4,4,7,3,3,3,2} L ={6,4,7,3,3,2}

Are S and L equal sets?

 D and F are the ff. sets:

D = {4,3,5,8,11} F = {8,5,1,4,3}

Are D and F equal sets?

Special Sets

 The Universel Set is denoted by U: the set of

all objects under the consideration.

 The Empty Set is denoted as Ø or {}.

CARDINALITY OF SET
 Cardinality of set is a measure of the numbers of
elements of the set.

 Examples:

 V = {1,2,3,4,5}
|V| = 5

 S = {x | x is an even integer between 20 and 35}

S = {20,22,24,26,28,30,32,34}
RELATION
 Relation is a set of ordered pairs (a,b) such that a is
element of set A and b is an element of set B.

 The domain of relation, denoted by Dom(R), the set

of all first elements in R, while the range of R
denoted by Ran(R), is the set of all second elements
in R.

 Diagraph or direct graph is a diagraphmatic

representation of a relation using vertices and edges.
Examples

xGy: x is greater than y (x,y) € Z

 (4,3)
 (6,2)
 (1,7)

 A= {1,2,3,4,5} R= {(a,b) | a>b}

 R = {(2,1),(3,1),(4,1),(5,1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(4,2)}
Diagraph  Matrix

 Dom (R)= {2,3,4,5}

 Ran = {1,2,3,4}
FUNCTION

 Function is a relationship between two sets

of numbers.
-1 1
1
 Examples:
7 49
 f(1) = 1 .5 .25
 f(7) = 49
 f(4) = 16