II.

Sewer Networks and Facilities

Topic II.3. Sewer Pipes: Kinds, Joints, Foundation.
Sewer Network Design
Sewer Pipes Profiles:
 Normal (b/h  1)

Circular

Trapezoidal

Square

 High (b/h < 1)


Egg-shaped

Ellipsoidal

Oval

Horseshoe

 Low (b/h > 1)


Mouth-shaped

Rectangular
1
 Combined
Sewer Pipes

Sewer Pipes Profiles:

a - circular
б - egg-shaped (inverted)
b - egg-shaped
г - mouth-shaped
д - square
e - trapezoidal

2
 Sewer Pipes
Sewer Pipes Materials:

 Concrete, Reinforced concrete, Prestressed concrete

 Ceramics

 Asbestos cement

 Cast iron

 Steel

 Plastics - PVC, PE, PP, reinforced with fibre-glass

 Resins - epoxy resin, reinforced with fibre-glass 3

Sewer Pipes

4
Sewer Pipes

5
Sewer Pipes

6
Sewer Pipes
Plastic Pipes

7
 Sewer Pipes Joints

Reinforced Concrete Pipes

1 - putty; 2 - cement putty; 3 - muff; 4 - resin rope

8
 Sewer Pipes Joints

a - Ceramic pipes; б - Cast iron; b, г - Reinforced concrete

1 - plastic gasket; 2, 3, 4 - rubber gasket

9
 Sewer Pipes Foundation

a - on grounds with strength p > 1,5 kg/cm2 and pipes with D = 0,6 - 3,5 m
б - on grounds with strength p < 1,5 kg/cm2 and pipes with D = 0,8 - 2,5 m
b - on embankments
10
 Sewer Pipes Foundation

a - on saturated (wet) stable grounds; б - on unstable grounds

1 - base drainage layer; 2 - concrete pillow; 3 - drainage pipes;
4 - reinforced concrete plate; 5 - piles

11
 Sewer Pipes Foundation

Reinforced Concrete Pipes with Heel

1 - cement coat; 2 - cement layer; 3 - concrete foundation

12
 Sewer Networks Design

Determination of the Minimal Sewer Pipeline Depth

1 - street regulation line; 2 - the most remote yard manhole

H = h + i(l + L) - (z1 - z2) + D - d

13
 Sewer Networks Design

Principles of the Sewer Pipes Joining

a - water levels alignment; б - pipes inverts alignment; b - pipes bottoms
alignment (at CSO only); г, д - sewer pipe branches joining the mains
14
Sewer Networks Design

15
 Sewer Networks Design

Underground Infrastructure Allocation

1 - electricity cables; 2 - telephone cables; 3 - gas pipes; 4 - water supply pipes; 5 - sanitary
sewer pipes; 6 - street inlets; 7 - drainage pipe

16
Sewer Networks Design

Installation Gallery
1 - drainage pipe
2 - central heating mains
3 - telephone cables
4 - consoles
5 - prefabricated reinforced concrete panels
6 - concrete foundation

17
Sewer Networks Design

18