FLOOD AND FLASH

FLOOD
SCIENTIFIC DEFINITION

 FLOOD
 FLASH FLOOD
Flood is…
When water overflows onto dry land.

SCIENTIFIC DEFINITION
Flood is…
A general and temporary condition of
partial or complete inundation of normally dry
land areas from overflow of inland or tidal
waters from the unusual and rapid accumulation
or runoff of surface waters from any source.
The covering of normally dry land by
water that has escaped or been released from
the normal confines of: any lake, or any river,
creek or other natural watercourse, whether or
not altered or modified; or any reservoir,
canal or dam.
SCIENTIFIC DEFINITION
Luzon…
Visayas
… Mindanao…

SCIENTIFIC DEFINITION
 FLOOD FLASH FLOOD
 It is an event that  It is an event that
occurs AFTER 6 hours occurs WITHIN 6
following the end of the hours following the end
causative event which of the causative event
result in fatalities, which result in fatalities,
injuries, and/or injuries, and/or
significant damage to significant damage to
property. property.

 Flooding events  Flash flooding events

usually take longer to develop rapidly and can
develop and they occur anywhere water
usually occur along or collects, especially areas
near larger rivers. The of steep terrain, and
duration of flooding water runoffs. Flash
events may extend floods rarely last more
longer that 24 hours, than 12 hours.
perhaps several days.
FLOOD AND FLASH FLOOD
FLOOD AND FLASH FLOOD
FACTS!

The yellow river (Huang He) in

China had the four deadliest flood
events in world history. The flood of
1931 resulted in 1 to 4 million people
being killed.
ELEMENTS/COMPONENTS

 Surface Runoff (overland flow)

 Subsurface Runoff (inter flow)

 Groundwater Flow (base flow)

• Overland Flow

It is the flow of water that occurs when excess

storm water, melt water, or other
sources flows over the Earth’s surface. This
might occur because soil is saturated to full
capacity, because rain arrives more quickly than
soil can absorb it.

ELEMENTS/COMPONENTS
• Inter Flow

It is the lateral movement of water in the

unsaturated zone that first returns to the surface
and enters a stream prior to becoming
groundwater. It occurs when water infiltrates into
the subsurface, hydraulic conductivity decreases
with depth, and lateral flow proceeds down
slope.

ELEMENTS/COMPONENTS
• Base Flow

It refers to the surrounding ground water that

seeps into the banks of a river or riverbed over
time.

ELEMENTS/COMPONENTS
ELEMENTS/COMPONENTS
FACTS!

Flood occurs even in the desert.

 CAUSES

 Heavy Rainfall
 River Overflow
 Strong Winds in Coastal Areas
 Dam Breaking
Heavy Rainfall
Each time there are more rains than the drainage
system can, there can be floods.

River Overflow
If there is more water upstream than usual, and as it
flows downstream to the adjacent low-lying areas, there is
a burst and water gets into the land.

CAUSES
Strong Winds in Coastal Areas
Sea water can be carried by massive winds and
hurricanes onto dry coastal lands and cause flooding. Water
from the sea resulting from a tsunami can flow inland to
cause damage.

Dam Breaking
Too much water held up in the dam can cause it
to break and overflow the area. Excess water can be also
intentionally released from the dam to prevent it from
breaking and that can also cause flood.

CAUSES
Other factors:

Volume, spatial distribution, intensity and duration of rainfall

over a catchment.

Capacity of the watercourse or stream network to convey

runoff.

Catchment and weather conditions prior to a rainfall

event.

Ground cover.

Topography.

Tidal Influences. CAUSES

FACTS!

The Big Thompson Flood in

Colorado in 1976, killed 140 people.
95% of those killed in this flash flood
tried to outrun the waters along their
path rather than climbing rocks or going
uphill to higher grounds.
 EFFECTS

 Economic
 Environment
 People and Animals
 Tangible Intangible

Damage to houses,
schools, factories,
Loss of life, health
Direct roads, bridges,
effects, loss of
furniture, cars,
ecological value.
machinery, power
plants, water supply.

Loss of industrial Inconveniences of

production, traffic recovery after flood,
Indirect
disruption, loss increased vulnerability
of customers. of survivors.

EFFECTS
Economic
During floods (especially flash floods), roads, bridges,
farms, houses and automobiles are destroyed. People
become homeless. Additionally, the government deploys
firemen, police and other emergency apparatuses to help
the affected. All these come at a heavy cost to people and
the government. It usually takes years for affected
communities to be re-built and business to come back to
normalcy.

EFFECTS
Environment
Chemicals and other hazardous substances end up in
the water and eventually contaminate the water bodies
that floods end up in. In 2011, a huge tsunami hit
Japan, and sea water flooded a part of the coastline.
The flooding caused massive leakage in nuclear plants
and has since caused high radiation in that area.
Authorities in Japan fear that Fukushima radiation levels
are 18 times higher than even thought.

EFFECTS
People and Animals
Many people and animals have died in flash floods. Many
more are injured and others made homeless. Water
supply and electricity are disrupted and people struggle
and suffer as a result. In addition to this, flooding brings a
lot of diseases and infections including military fever,
pneumonic plague, dermatopathia and
dysentery. Sometimes insects and snakes make their
ways to the area and cause a lot of havoc.

EFFECTS
...But...

There is also something good about floods, especially

those that occur in floodplains and farm fields.
Floodwaters carry lots of nutrients that are deposited in
the plains. Farmers love such soils, as they are perfect for
cultivating some kinds of crops.

EFFECTS
FACTS!

Just 6 inches of rapidly moving

flood water has the strength to knock a
person down.
 TYPES/KINDS

 COASTAL (SURGE FLOOD)

 FLUVIAL (RIVER FLOOD)
 PLUVIAL (SURFACE FLOOD)
COASTAL (SURGE FLOOD)

A coastal flood occurs in areas that lie on

the coast of the sea, ocean, or other large body
of open water. It is the result of extreme tidal
conditions caused by severe rain weather. Storm
surge is the leading cause of coastal. In this type
of flood, water overwhelms low-lying land and
often causes devastating loss of life and property.

TYPES/KINDS
TYPES/KINDS
FLUVIAL (RIVER FLOOD)

Fluvial flood occurs when excessive rainfall

over an extended period of time causes a river
to exceed its capacity. The damage from a river
flood can be widespread as the overflow affects
smaller rivers downstream, often causes dams
and dikes to break and swamp nearby areas.

TYPES/KINDS
TYPES/KINDS
PLUVIAL (SURFACE FLOOD)

Pluvial flood is caused when heavy rainfall

creates a flood independent of an overflowing
water body. This happen in any urban area – even
higher elevation areas that lie above coastal and
river floodplains. It can cause significant property
damage.

TYPES/KINDS
TYPES/KINDS
FACTS!

In ancient Egypt, people liked the

flood along the Nile River because it
brought rich soil for farming.
PHILIPPINE SITUATIONER
RECENT HAPPENING

The recent flood happened in Philippines is the flood

hit in Misamis Oriental last January 17. Heavy rain was a
result of the tail-end of a cold front and low pressure area
has caused deadly floods have in Eastern Visayas and
Northern Mindanao, Philippines. Over 13,000 people have
been displaced from their homes. displaced from their
homes. Philippines News Agency (PNA) reports that at least
4 people have died in the floods in Cagayan De Oro City,
Misamis Oriental,

PHILIPPINE SITUATIONER
  Flooding in Visayas and Mindanao, January
2017

• FloodList reported that, as of 17 January, 4 people had

died and over 13,000 people had been displaced from
their homes. Cagayan de Oro City, in the province of
Misamis Oriental, received at least one month’s worth of
rain within 24 hours.
• On 22 January, a second Low Pressure Area (LPA)
entered the Philippines. Heavy rain once again resulted
in severe flooding to parts of Mindanao, especially the
provinces of Agusan del Sur and Compostela Valley.
A third LPA followed on 27 January bringing
further heavy rainfall to Mindanao as it
interacted with the tail-end of a cold front. The
Caraga Region was one of the worst affected
areas.
 A recent report by the International Federation
of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)
says that there were 9 deaths in total. The
flooding had damaged more than 1,300 homes
and displaced at least 334,000 people. A total of
586 houses in the towns of La Paz and Trento
(Agusan del Sur province) were damaged.
MOST PRONE PROVINCES IN
THE PHILIPPINES
MOST PRONE PROVINCES IN THE PHILIPPINES
MOST PRONE PROVINCES IN THE PHILIPPINES
1. Pampanga
2. Nueva Ecija
3. Pangasinan
4. Tarlac
5. Maguindanao
6. Bulacan
7. Metro Manila
8. North Cotabato
9. Oriental Mindoro
10. Ilocos Norte

MOST PRONE PROVINCES IN THE PHILIPPINES

 IT IS A DISASTER IF WE ARE NOT
PREPARED. – Loren Legarda

“Bes, kailangan mo maging preparado sa ano mang

pagsubok madadaanan mo. Huwang mong hintayin
na magsisi ka sa huli! – Payong kaibigan lang!” 
 WHAT TO DO

 BEFORE
 DURING
 AFTER
BEFORE FLOOD

Assemble disaster
supplies.

Be prepared to
evacuate.

WHAT TO DO BEFORE, DURING ANG AFTER

BEFORE FLOOD

Review your Family

Disaster Plan.

Protect your property.

WHAT TO DO BEFORE, DURING ANG AFTER

DURING FLOOD

Be alert.

Don’t drive unless you

have to.

WHAT TO DO BEFORE, DURING ANG AFTER

DURING FLOOD

Get to high ground.

Evacuate immediately if you think you

are at risk or are advised to do so.

WHAT TO DO BEFORE, DURING ANG AFTER

DURING FLOOD

Never try to walk or

swim through flowing
water.

Shut off the electricity

at the circuit
breakers.

WHAT TO DO BEFORE, DURING ANG AFTER

AFTER FLOOD

Wait until it is safe

to return.

Travel with care.

WHAT TO DO BEFORE, DURING ANG AFTER

AFTER FLOOD

If a building was flooded,

check for safety before
entering.

Use extreme caution when

entering buildings.

WHAT TO DO BEFORE, DURING ANG AFTER

AFTER FLOOD

Take pictures of the damage.

Get professional help.

WHAT TO DO BEFORE, DURING ANG AFTER

AFTER FLOOD

Your home is no longer a safe

place.

When making repairs, protect your

property from future flood damage.

WHAT TO DO BEFORE, DURING ANG AFTER

SOURCES:

http://www.intermap

.com/

http://www.ga.gov.au/

http://kids.britannica.com/

http://www.sulcom.info/ htt

p://daad.wb.tu-harburg.de

http://www.m2comms.com/blog/2016/8/3/10-worst-typhoons-that-

went-down-in-philippine-history

www.google.com (for the images)

THANK YOU!