DRUG ADDICTION

ALCOHOL
OTHER
SUBSTANCES;COUNSELLING
CLASS LESSON 6
 DEFINATIONS
• DRUG ALSO CALLED PSYCHOACTIVE
SUBSTANCE
• USE
• ABUSE
• DEPENDENCE
• TOLERANCE
 CLASSES OF PSYCHOACTIVE
SUBSTANCES
1. OPIODS E.G 3.CNS DEPRESSANTS
HEROINE,MORPHIN E.G
E.
SEDATIVES
2. CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM HYPNOTICS
STIMULANTS EG ALCOHOL.
COCAINE,CAFFEINE
,KHAT, NICOTINE,
AMPHETAMINES,CA
NNABS
 4.HALLUCINOGENS
THEY INDUCE HALLUCINATIONS AND
FLASH BACKS
NATURAL SOURCES
E.G SOME TYPES OF MUSHROOM
ARTIFICIAL SOURCES.
E.G. LSD{D-LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYL
AMIDE}
 PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE
ABUSE

• MALADAPTIVE PATTERN OF
SUBSTANCE USE,PRESENT FOR AT
LEAST1 MONTH
• SPORADIC USE OF PAS NOT
CONSISTENT WITH MEDICAL USE
 TOLERANCE
• PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE CAUSED BY
CONTINOUS USE OF A DRUG
,RESULTING IN A DIMINISHED
RESPONSE TO THE SAME DOSE OF A
DRUG OVER TIME ,SO THAT
PROGRESSIVELY LAGER DOSES ARE
REQUIRED TO PRODUCE THE SAME
DRUG EFFECT.
 DEPENDENCE

• ALSO CALLED ADDICTION

• HABIT FORMING STATE
• TWO TYPES---
1.PSYCHOLOGICAL –
CRAVINGS,RITUAL
2.PHYSICAL--.THE BODY DEMANDS
THE PAS
 PSYCHOACTIVE
SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCE
• larger amounts over • Suffers, intoxication
longer periods withdrawal, while is
• unsuccessful attempts supposed to be
to stop or control fulfilling obligations
intake such as work.
• great time spent in • Priority directed to
procuring ,taking it or substance (no time for
recovering from it important social
effects recreational activities)
 Cont.
• Continued use despite • Presence of
physical, characteristic
psychological social withdrawal symptoms
problem • Uses substance to
• Marked tolerance relieve or prevent
withdrawal symptoms
 CAUSES
• Availability • Childhood
• Fast acting substance environment
• Developing of • Culture
tolerance • Socioeconomic status
• Developing physical • Mental disorders
dependence
• Genetic background
 AVAILABILTY
CERTAIN LEGISLATIVE
PROFFESSIOINS CONTROLS
• Bartenders • Permitted age for use
• Brewers • Prices
• Sailors • Outlets(supermarkets)
• High executive
 Cause 2/3
• Substances that act • Avoidance of life
quickly threatening
• Substances that are withdrawal symptoms
parentally used • Avoidance of
• Substances that reach unpleasant withdrawal
CNS in large doses symptoms
and quickly
• Substances with
shorter half live
 Genetic factors
• Adoption studies. • Possible deficiency in
(child of alcoholic serotonin,prostaglandi
parent reared by non n
alcoholic still have • Pronounced alteration
higher risk) in endorphins activity
• Offspring's of inn response to
alcoholic father =4 alcohol
time risk than non • Relaxation effect is
alcoholic parent high
 Genetic factors
• More prone to tolerance than those without
genetic susceptibility
• Inborn variations in the relationships among
various receptors
 Childhood environment

• Alcoholic parents • Non cohesive home

• Alcoholic siblings environments
• Identification process • Abusive parent
• Neglectful parents
 culture
• Religious controls
• Social guidelines
• Social approvals
• Rituals
 Socioeconomic status
• People from all socioeconomic
backgrounds.
• Money is not a limiting factor
• Individual consume what is status
appropriate (cheap illicit or expensive licit
ethanol)
 Mental disorders
• Medicate preexisting • Stop abuse of
emotional disorder substances to be able
• Anxiety to assess the correct
• Depression mental state .
• Etc
 DIAGNOSIS
• Quilty about drinking • Blackout on previous
• Loss of control evening drinking and
• Irritable if questioned actions
on drinking • Avoiding
• Arguments about family,friends to go
drinking drink
• Extra drinks above • Problems-
colleagues without financial,work
them knowing
 Diagnosis .cont.
• Poor feeding • Prolonged drinking for
days
• Trouble with law • Hearing or seeing
things that are not
really there
• Eye opener,to remove
• Accidents
shakes
 Signs and symptoms of
withdrawal
• Heart rates is high • Irritability
• Elevation of blood • Agitation
pressure • Difficulty
• Sweating concentrating
• Fever • Insomnia
• Increased breathing • Abdominal pain
rate • Nausea,vomiting
• Diarrhea • Tremulousness(shakes
 COMPLICATIONS
1. MEDICAL
2. SOCIAL
3. PSYCHOLOGICAL/PSYCHIATRIC
 MEDICAL COMPLICATIONS
• Virtually all organs are damaged by alcohol
• Brain
• Stomach
• Liver
• Reproductive organs
• Heart
• Malnutrion,diabetes
 PSYCHIATRIC
COMPLICATION
ALOCOLIC HALLUCINOSIS
• 24-48 HRS AFTER LAST DRINK
• USUALLY VISUAL AND AUDITORY
• AKIN TO SCHIZOPHRENIA
• CAN LAST OVER 6 MONTHS
 PSYCHIATRIC
COMPLCATION
DELIRIUM TREMENS • MARKED STATE OF
• FOLOW CONFUSION
PROLONGED USE
AND OCCUR 50-100
HRS
• LASTS UP TO 2
WEEKS
 Social complications
HOME WORK/EDUCATION
• OTHELLO • ABSENTESIM
SYNDROME(jealous • POOR
y) PRODUCTIVITY
• NEGLECTFUL • LOSS OF
PARENTS JOB/SCHOOL
• SEPARATIONS OPPOTUNITY
• DIVORCES • POOR ECONOMY
 SOCIAL COMPLICATIONS
• ASSAULTS
• ACCIDENTS
• THEFTS
• VANDALISM
• INSECURITY
 Long-term treatment
• Non chemical • Alcoholic anonymous
substitute for lost • Psychotherapy
addiction • Disulfiram
• Repairing social and • Behavior modification
medical damage
• Adjunctive services
• Restoring self esteem
ALCOHOLIC ANNONYMOUS
• PROVIDE GROUP • RECEIVE AND
SUPPORT GIVE SUPPORT
• FRQUENT • LEARN THE
SCHEDULED NATURE OF
MEETINGS ALCOHOL
• PEERSUPORT DEPENDENCE.
• GENTLE
CONFRONTATIONS
 OTHER SUPPORT GROUPS
AL-ANON ALATEEN
• HELPS SPOUSES • OFFERS SUPPORT
DEAL WITH THEIR TO
EMOTIONAL ALDOLESCENTS
DIFFICULTIES. COIPINGBWITH
ALCOHOLIC
PARENTS
 PSYCHOTHERAPY
• NEED TO STOP • ADDRESS
DRINKING SECONDARY
• ADDRESS GAINS
PRIMARY • IS AN ADJUVANT
EMOTIONAL TREATMENT
DIFFICULTIES
BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION
• HYPNOSIS • AVERSION
THERAPY
• DESENTITIZATION • RELAXATION
TRAINNING
 ADJUNCTIVE SERVICES
• HALFWAY HOUSES OTHER
• VACATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
REHABILITATION • CHURCH
PROGRAMS • NGOs
• COMMUNITY
GROUPS
 THE END
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