WORK SYSTEM

DESIGN
Presented by JENYLYN M. DEL ROSARIO
DESIGNING A WORK SYSTEM

Work System
Provides the structure for the productivity of the
company. It includes:
1. Job Design
2. Work Measurement
3. Worker Compensation
2
Designing a Job

▪ Job Design specifies the work activities of an

individual or group in support of organizational
activities.

3
Designing a Job

Three Factors in Job Design:

1. Technical Feasibility
2. Economic Feasibility
3. Behavioral Feasibility

4
Designing a Job

Machines or People?
Machines do some things better than people, whereas
people do other things better than machines.

5
Designing a Job

Level of Labor Specialization

Specialization – the breadth of the job design.

The higher the level of specialization, the narrower is

the employee’s scope of expertise.

6
Designing a Job
The Advantages and
Disadvantages of
Specialization in Job
Design

7
Designing a Job

Eliminating Employee Boredom

1. Job enlargement
2. Job enrichment
3. Job rotation

8
Designing a Job

Team Approaches
1. Problem-solving teams
2. Special-purpose teams
3. Self-directed teams

9
Designing a Job

The Alternative Workplace

1. Teleworking and Telecommuting
2. Telework center
3. Virtual Office or Virtual Workplace
4. Hoteling
5. Hot Desking
6. Desk Sharing

10
Designing a Job

The Alternative Workplace

1. Teleworking and Telecommuting
2. Telework center
3. Virtual Office or Virtual Workplace
4. Hoteling
5. Hot Desking
6. Desk Sharing

11
Methods Analysis

Methods analysis is the study of how a job is done.

12
Methods Analysis

Methods analysis consists of the following steps:

1. Identify the operation to be analyzed.
2. Gather all relevant information about the operation, including tools, materials,
and procedures.
3. Talk with employees who use the operation or have used similar operations.
They may have suggestions for improving it.
4. Chart the operation, whether you are analyzing an existing operation or a new
operation.

13
Methods Analysis

Methods analysis consists of the following steps:

5. Evaluate each step in the existing operation or proposed new operation. Does
the step add value? Does it only add cost?
6. Revise the existing or new operation as needed.
7. Put the revised or new operation into effect, then follow up on the changes or
new operation. Do your changes to the existing operation improve it? Does your
new operation add to the company’s overall operations?

14
The Work Environment

Effect of working conditions on worker productivity, product

quality, and worker safety.

15
Work Measurement

Work Measurement determines how long it should take to

do a job.

Standard time
The length of time it should take a qualified worker using
appropriate process and tools to complete a specific job,
allowing time for personal fatigue and unavoidable delays.
16
Work Measurement

Companies use standard times for:

1. Costing
Direct Labor = Standard Labor Time x hourly labor cost
2. Evaluating
3. Planning

17
Work Measurement

Setting Standard Times

1. Time Study
2. Elemental Time Data
3. Predetermined Time Data
4. Work Sampling

18
 Procedure for a
Work Measurement Time Study

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Work Measurement

Elemental time data

Establish standards based on previously completed time studies,
stored in an organization’s database.

26
Work Measurement

Predetermined time data

Published database of elemental time data used for establishing
standard times.

27
28
Work Measurement

Work Sampling
A technique for estimating the proportion of time a worker
spends on a particular activity.

29
30
31
Work Measurement

Work sampling consists of the following procedures:

1. Identify the worker or machine to be sampled.
2. Define the activities to be observed.
3. Estimate the sample size based on the desired level of accuracy and
confidence.
4. Develop the random observation schedule. Make your observations over a
time period that is representative of normal work conditions.
5. Make your observations and record the data. Check to see whether the
estimated sample size remains valid.
6. Estimate the proportion of time spent on the given activity. 32
Worker Compensation

Compensation Systems

Time-based Systems
Pay based on the number of hours worked.

Output-based Systems
Pay based on the number of units completed.
33
Worker Compensation

Group Incentive Plans

Profit Sharing
Gain Sharing

34
Learning Curves

People learn from doing a task and get quicker each time
they repeat that task.

35
Work System Design Across the Organization

Accounting
Marketing
Information Systems
Human Resources

36
Thanks!
End of Presentation

37