HOSTAGE

NEGOTIATIONS
STRATEGY
HOSTAGE NEGOTIATIONS
STRATEGY
 1. Hostage Negotiations Strategy 
 Hostage – A person who is captured by someone,
who demands that certain things be done before the
captured person is freed.
 Hostage Negotiations Strategy- is an act by the
state represented by a person or a special group of
people designated or chosen to reach a
compromise with the terrorist or hostage takers with
the paramount concerned to preserve life and
ensure the safety of the hostages and the public.
HOSTAGE NEGOTIATIONS
STRATEGY
 Ground Commander/On-Scene Commander
(Rule 32.2, P.O.P.)
There shall be only one Ground Commander/On-
Scene Commander holding at least a senior rank and/or
one (1) with experience in hostage/ crisis situation or
relative training. Until such time that he is officially
designates as spokesperson, he may issue appropriate
press statements and continue to perform the role of the
spokesperson.
 Negotiator (Rule 32.3, P.O.P.)-
Negotiators shall be designated by the Ground
Commander. No one shall be allowed to talk to the
hostage taker without clearance from the negotiator or
Ground Commander.
HOSTAGE NEGOTIATIONS
STRATEGY
 Assault Team (Rule 32.4, P.O.P.) 
An assault team shall be alerted for
deployment in case the negotiation fails.
Members of the assault shall wear authorize
and easily recognizable uniform during the
conduct of the operation.
 Support Personnel (Rule 32.5, P.O.P.) 
An ambulance with medical crew and a
fire truck shall be detailed at the incident area.
GUIDELINES OF HOSTAGES
NEGOTIATIONS
Stabilize and contain the situation.
 Select the right time to make contact
with the Hostage takers.
Allow the Hostage takers to speak, be a
good listener than a good speaker.
Do not offer the subject anything.
Avoid directing frequent attention to the
hostages or victims.
GUIDELINES OF HOSTAGES
NEGOTIATIONS
 Be as honest as possible, avoid tricks.
 Never dismiss any request as trivial.
 Never say no and never say yes, but say “I will
tell to the crisis management group”.
 Take tense when negotiating.
-Long term of negotiation
*Exhaustion
*Anxiety
*Hunger
 Soften the demand.
GUIDELINES OF HOSTAGES
NEGOTIATIONS
 Never set a deadline, try not to accept
deadline.
 Don’t make alternative suggestion,
 Don’t introduce outsiders into negotiation
process.
 Don’t allow exchange of hostage specifically;
don’t exchange negotiators for a hostage.
 Avoid negotiating face-to-face.
PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED
IN A HOSTAGE SITUATIONS
The following steps shall be undertaken:
 A Critical Incident Management Committee shall be
activated immediately; (PNP Standard Operating
Procedure No. ODO-2010-003)
 Incidents scene shall be secure and isolated;
 Identify and secure the strong hold;
 As much as possible, ensure the control of the
communication lines, and cut –off all other lines as
well as electricity and water supply to allow for
more bargaining;
PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED
IN A HOSTAGE SITUATIONS
 Unauthorized persons shall not be allowed
entry and exit to the incident scene;
 Witnesses’ names, addresses, and other
information shall be recorded;
 Witnesses shall be directed to a safe
location;
 Evacuate all victims/injured persons
immediately when the opportunity permits;
 The arrest of the perpetrator shall be the
last paramount concern; and
 Conduct debriefing immediately after the
conclusion of the incident.
Advantages of Hostage
Negotiation
 It offers chances and solution
without loss of life.
 Can be used within appropriate
time:
When the hostages are still
safe
When hostage taker’s has not
started killing the hostages
Disadvantages of Hostage
Negotiation
 The government or state implies
willingness to give up
 Recession of police operation
 It can be used with other tactics
DO’s and DON’Ts of
Negotiation:
 DO’s
 Get something or anything you give.
 Locate the hostage taker, the cover,
concealment and line of fire.
 Ascertain if released hostage is a real
hostage or a hostage taker.
 Identify and contain the ff:
 Type of situation
 Number of subject/hostage taker
 Weapons
 Tactical advantage
DO’s and DONT’s of
Negotiation:
DONT’s
Exchange hostages.
Request demands.
Honor deadlines.
Allow friends and families in the
perimeter to contact.
Allow outside to contact.
Bargain for the FA’s drugs or
alcohol.
Qualifications of a
Negotiator:
1. Police Officer with a Senior Rank
2. Non-political figure
3. Non-power position
4. Negotiator to both (Impartial)
5. No age requirement
6. Smart (able to talk with hostage
taker language)
Manila Hostage Taking
FIRST RESPONSE
(SECURING THE
CRIME SCENE)
Definition of term
(FR) are the first Police First
Responders Officers to arrive at the
crime scene who were dispatched by
the local police station/unit concerned
after the receipt of incident/flash
report.
Mandate of FR
To save and preserve life by giving the
necessary first-aid measures
Secure and preserve the crime scene
by cordoning off the area
Tasks of FR

1. Conduct a preliminary evaluation of

the crime scene;
2. Take the dying declaration of severely
injured person(s);
3. Make the initial assessment about the
crime;
Tasks of FR
4. Shall arrest, detain and remove the
suspect from the area;
5. Shall turn- over the crime scene to
the duty investigator/IOC ; and
6. Stay in the crime scene to assist
the IOC.
 SUPPORT GROUP SOCO COMMAND POST
(Medical Group, Technical (Technical Grp/Working Grp)

N
Support Group, Equipments)

RDO
CO
R
Establish SOCO command post
NE
WORKING
IN TEAM
SUPPORT
GROUP
INCIDENT AREA
O
UT
ER

BASE
CO

STATION
R
DO
N

ADMIN BASE
(Admin , Laison, Mass Media)
In a NUTSHELL
OUTER  
PERIMETER   POLICE
  
 
I
 
POLITICAL FIGURES
N
 
GOVERNMENT N
P /LOCAL OFFICIALS
  E
O MEDIA R
 
PEOPLE
L
I FAMILY P
 
C E CROWD
E
  R
I
M
 
CRIME
SCENE AREA E
  T
IOC, SOCO, ERT, E
R VEHICLES
etc.  

ANIMALS  
Bomb
Is a container filled with explosive,
incendiary material, smoke, gas, or
other destructive substance, designed
to explode
Bomb Threat
Is a written or verbal threat
communicated through electronic, oral or
other means that threatens to place or
use an IED at a certain time, date, or
place against any specific person or
place.
First Responder’s Procedure on
Bomb Threat
First Responder’s Procedure on
Bomb Threat

1. Upon receipt of the

information:
a. Treat all threats as serious until
proven otherwise;
b. Determine the exact location of
the establishment under threat;
First Responder’s Procedure on
Bomb Threat
c. Assess or analyze the threat whether
it is a long term or a short term threat;
d. Consider evacuation options
First Responder’s Procedure on
Bomb Threat
e) Alert EODT for bomb search mission and
emergency readiness before going to the crime
scene;
f) Proceed immediately to the scene; and
g) Notify Higher Headquarters of any
development.
First Responder’s Procedure on

Bomb Threat
2. Upon arrival at the scene;

a.Confirm the reported bomb threat and

notify EODT;
b. Conduct or cause a search for suspicious
device/s;
c. Inform the person in-charge of the property of
the need to evacuate in the presence of the
bomb;
First Responder’s Procedure on
Bomb Threat
d. If a suspected device is discovered,
cause the evacuation of people in the
affected area to a distance of at least 300
meters away, and maintain security for the
protection of life and property;
First Responder’s Procedure in
Case of Actual Bomb Explosion

1. Upon receipt of the report;

a. Identify exact location of the incident;
b. Alert EOD teams and direct them to proceed to
the area;
c. Notify Higher Headquarters of the situation;
d. Request assistance of medical personnel; and
e. Proceed to the scene immediately.
First Responder’s Procedure in
Case of Actual Bomb Explosion

f. Cause immediate evacuation of the

injured;
g. Direct occupants of the establishment to
evacuate;
h. Maintain order and control crowd;
i. Notify Higher Headquarters of the
situation;
First Responder’s Procedure in
Case of Actual Bomb Explosion
j. Seal off location until EOD Team determines
if a secondary device exists;
k. Conduct rescue operations at the scene
when necessary;
l. Initiate immediate investigation if
investigators have not.
First Responder’s Procedure in
Case of Actual Bomb Explosion

m. Submit incident report immediately; and

n. Avoid issuing “speculative” press
releases or statements.
4P Crisis Management Model
. Prediction
. Prevention
. Preparation
. Performance

Two Phases:
Proactive Phase
Reactive Phase
Proactive Phase
- designed to predict or prevent
the probability of occurrence of
crises at the same time prepare
to handle them when they occur.
Proactive Phase
“It’s better to prevent than to control”

Prediction - Guessing and

Forcasting
Prevention – deterrence in
anticipate
PREDICTION
 Foretelling the likelihood of crisis,
through-
 Continuous assessment of all possible
threats and threat groups.
 Analysis of developing or reported
events and incidents.
 Updated inputs from intelligence reports
Ex. Rally every May 1, March 29,
December 26 and IHL commemoration.
PREVENTION
 Institution of passive and active
security measures
 Remedy or solution of destabilizing
factors or security flaws to such crisis or
emergency
 Vigilance and alertness to signs or
manifestations of developing crisis or
emergency
 Establishment of alert systems
(Check points, rule of law, police and force multi
presence)
Reactive Phase
- Swift respond to a crisis
which were not prevented to
happen.
PREPARATION
 Planning, organizing, training and
stockpiling of equipment, supplies needed

 Simulated drills at unspecified days

Various consultation to linkages and

friendly forces.
PERFORMANCE
1. INITIAL ACTION
 Monitoring the progress of the
incident
 Dispatch first responders
 Securing the scene
 Protecting itself
 Establishing perimeter security
 Evacuating innocent civilians
 Preventing escape of perpetrators
2. ACTION
It begins as soon as the On-Scene
Command Post (OSCP) is established
and the Tactical Intervention, Service
Support Units, Negotiation Team and
Public Affairs personnel arrive and are
deployed.
Crisis Committee is established, Ground
Commander is in command and control
Crisis Management Techniques
 Locate (locate the stronghold)
 Isolate (Prevent exit and entry – enforce the
law)
 Evaluate (Evaluate the situation)
 Evacuate person at risk (Children and women
and elderly evacuated to safe areas)
 Negotiation
 Elimination (if negotiation fails, eliminate the
threats) through armed encounters
 Post action evaluation
 OSCP

Service Public
NegotiationOperations
Support Affairs
Group Group
Group Group
 Crisis Mngt Committee

Ground Operating/Support
City Mayor CDRRMO
Commander Group
3. POST ACTION
 Begins as soon as the perpetrators
surrender, or when they are captured
or neutralized and the crisis situation
is deemed clear
 Restore normalcy and bring
responsible to court
It is in this period where concerned
agencies will now map up plans,
programs, and strategies wherein they
can handle any crisis that may arise
anytime.
It is also the point where assessment on
the current plans and programs are made
if changes are needed. (Evaluation and
rectifying errors).
4P CRISIS MANAGEMENT MODEL
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
PROACTIVE REACTIVE PHASE
PHASE
PREDICT PREVENT PREPARE PERFORM
UPDATE
OPN SCTY/ PLAN IMPLEMENT
INPUT THREAT ACTIVE CONTINGENCY
ANALYSIS SCTY PLAN
MEASURES ORGANIZE
INITIAL
INTELLIGENCE PERS SCTY/ TRAIN ACTION
CONFLUENCE PASSIVE
OF EVENTS SCTY ACTION
THREAT GROUPS EQUIP
MEASURES
PROBABLE TARGETS
VULNERABILITIES SIMULATED
PHYSICAL DRILLS &
SCTY/ NEGO- TACTICAL
AUDIT ACTION/
PROPHYLACTIC WARNING TIATIONINTERVENTION
ACTIONS
ACTIONS ALERT
SYSTEMS
ADJUSTMENT POST ACTION

POST ACTION
Thank
You
And
Good