The Concept of

Anthropology, Political
Science and Sociology
“It is only in the context
of connection with
others that our deepest
needs can be met.”
(Parrot and Parrot, 2013)
 ACTIVITY 1: KOKOLOGY TEST
1. Imagine there're horribly threatening monsters angrily
rampaging the city, what do you think is the cause of their
anger; why the monsters are so furious?
a. They're hungry and looking for food
b. They're looking for their lost love
c. Just because they are ugly monsters with high temper
d. They're angry with this desperate world
 ACTIVITY 1: KOKOLOGY TEST
2. You are walking in the art gallery, you are relaxed and
stopped at one picture. You stopped and stared at this picture
for a long time, amazed and fascinated. What kind of picture is
that?
a. Self-portrait
b. Parody version of something
c. Abstract
d. Painting of nature
 ACTIVITY 1: KOKOLOGY TEST
3. If you have a magical eraser that can erase anything:
a. Erase yourself
b. Erase your lover
c. Erase the third party
 ACTIVITY 1: KOKOLOGY TEST
4. Again, you are in the art gallery, the same one as before.
While you are looking at that picture, a guy standing next to
you is about to say something. What is that might be?
a. "What a beautiful painting, you think?"
b. "How do you like this painting?"
c. "Excuse me; do you know what time is it now?"
d. "You know, I'm the one who painted this picture"
 ACTIVITY 1: KOKOLOGY TEST
5. You are in a 5-star hotel room with a blue sky view. You fell
asleep and took a nap for a couple of hours. What do you
expect to see outside the window once you wake up?
a. Midday sun shines above the marine blue sea
b. Dark blue sea reflects stars from the sky
c. Cold blue sea barely seen in the mist
d. The sun is setting at the end of the line where sky and sea
has met
 KOKOLOGY TEST ANSWER
1. The question stands for the dark side of yourself and the
cause of pressure in your life
If you choose
a. You are on a diet and suffers from it
b. Love is the main cause of the pressure in your life
c. You feel unsatisfied with your own appearance
d. You are a pessimistic person
 KOKOLOGY TEST ANSWER
2. The question stands for your attractiveness
If you choose
a. You are self-confident
b. You are talkative and have a sense of humor
c. You are a creative person
d. You are gentle and well-mannered
 KOKOLOGY TEST ANSWER
3. The question stands for how you handle the problem in your
love life
If you choose
a. You always run away from the problem in your love life
b. You respect love and see it as a beautiful thing
c. You don't like to let the problem goes on and affect your
life. You love to solve it right away
 KOKOLOGY TEST ANSWER
4. The question stands for the way you act when you meet someone
for the first time
If you choose
a. You are friendly and love to have new friends
b. You will consider carefully before getting to know someone
c. You are independent and see no importance of having new friends
d. You always get excited to know someone and tries to impress them
 KOKOLOGY TEST ANSWER
5. The question stands for what do you want from love
If you choose
a. You want a high-voltage love
b. You believe the importance of honesty between lovers
c. You want your lover to be your best friend
d. You are looking for a perfect love. Ideal and romantic
ANTHROPOLOGY
 ANTHROPOLOGY
 It is a scientific study of humanity, the similarities and
diversity of cultures and attempts to present an integrated
picture of humankind.
 It studies the biological, social and cultural development of
humankind and seek to find answers to questions why people
are different and how similar they are.
 Fields of Anthropology
1. Biological Anthropology
2. Cultural Anthropology
3. Linguistic Anthropology
4. Archaeology
 BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Biological (or physical) anthropologists
carry out systematic studies of the non-
cultural aspects of humans and near-humans.
 BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
 Non-cultural - refers to all of those
biological characteristics that are genetically
inherited in contrast to learned.
 Near-human - is a category that includes
monkeys, apes, and the other primates as well
as our fossil ancestors.
 BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
 The primary interest of most biological anthropologists
today is human evolution--they want to learn how our
ancestors changed through time to become what we are
today. Biological anthropologists also are interested in
understanding the mechanisms of evolution and genetic
inheritance as well as human variation and adaptations
to different environmental stresses, such as those found at
high altitudes and in environments that have temperature
extremes.
 3 Different Areas of
Research

1. Human Biology
2. Primatology
3. Paleoanthropology
 Human Biology
 is concerned with learning about human
diversity, genetic inheritance patterns,
non-cultural adaptations to
environmental stresses, and other
biological characteristics of our species,
Homo sapiens.
 Primatology
Primatologists carry out non-human primate studies.
This is usually done in a natural setting among wild apes,
monkeys, and related animals. They are principally
interested in learning about the capabilities and behavior
patterns of primates--our closest living relatives. It is likely
that the great apes in particular can give us important clues
to understanding the lives of our earliest human ancestors
over 2 million years ago.
 Paleoanthropology
Paleoanthropologists recover the fossil record of
early humans and their primate ancestors in order
to understand the path of our evolution. In doing
this, they often work with geologists,
paleozoologists, and scientists with other
specialties who help them reconstruct ancient
environments.
 CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Cultural (or socio-cultural) anthropologists are
interested in learning about the cultural aspects of
human societies all over the world. They usually focus
their research on such things as the social and political
organizations, marriage patterns and kinship systems,
subsistence and economic patterns, and religious beliefs
of different societies. Most cultural anthropologists study
contemporary societies rather than ancient ones.
 CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
We are living in a period of unprecedented social and
cultural change around the globe, and the rate of change is
accelerating as a result of our rapid population growth and
technological invention, especially in transportation and
communication. All of the completely isolated societies of
the past have long since been drawn into the global
economy and heavily influenced by the dominant cultures
of the large nations.
 CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
As a consequence, it is likely that 3/4 of the languages
in the world today will become extinct as spoken
languages by the end of the 21st century. Many other
cultural traditions will be lost as well. Cultural and
linguistic anthropologists have worked diligently to
study and understand this diversity that is being lost.
 LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY
Linguistic anthropologists study the human
communication process. They focus their research on
understanding such phenomena as the physiology of
speech, the structure and function of languages, social
and cultural influences on speech and writing,
nonverbal communication, how languages developed
over time, and how they differ from each other.
An example of nonverbal
communication in modern
American culture. What do you
think the chief petty officer (in
khaki) is communicating non-
verbally to the sailor in this
scene?
 LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY
 A hotly debated question in linguistic anthropology since the
early 20th century centers on whether or not our languages
predispose us to see the environment in specific ways. In
other words, are languages filters for reality? For instance, if
a language does not have a word for the color orange, can its
speakers distinguish orange from red and yellow? The
answer to this question is not as simple as it initially seems.
 ARCHAEOLOGY
Archaeologists are interested in recovering
the prehistory and early history of societies
and their cultures. They systematically
uncover the evidence by excavating, dating,
and analyzing the material remains left by
people in the past.
 ARCHAEOLOGY
There have been humans for at least 2.5 million
years. Only the last 5,500 of these years have
been even partly recorded by scribes and
historians. As a consequence, well over 99% of
the human story lies in the prehistoric past and
has been out of reach of historians. Only
archaeology can recover it.
Types of Archaeologists
1. Classical Archaeologists
2. Historical Archaeologists
3. Prehistoric Archaeologists
4. Underwater Archaeologists
5. Zooarchaeologists
 Classical Archaeologists
 concentrate on the
ancient civilizations of
the Middle East and the
Mediterranean world
(Egypt, Mesopotamia,
Greece, Rome, and
related peoples).
 Historical Archaeologists
 work on recovering the
unrecorded aspects of
life in historically more
modern societies such as
colonial America.
 Prehistoric Archaeologists
focus their attention on
the more ancient pre-
literate societies around
the world including those
of most early North
American Indians.
 Underwater Archaeologists
discover and excavate
ancient shipwrecks and
submerged cities.
 Zooarchaeologists
analyze and interpret the
animal remains found in
archaeological sites.
SOCIOLOGY
 SOCIOLOGY
 It is the study of human interactions, the relationships that
occur within the group and the results of these interactions.
 It is concerned with all kinds of social interactions, social
processes, social structures and social organizations.
 It is also concerned with repetitive and recurrent forms of
behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, norms and social
institutions that make up the social order.
 Areas of Concern of Sociology
1. Basic Social Institutions
2. Social Psychology
3. Population
4. Ecology
5. Sociological Theories and Methods
6. Applied Sociology
 Basic Social Institutions
The basic social
institutions are the
family, religion,
education, economics
and state government.
 Social Psychology
It focuses on the human
nature, personality,
attitudes and collective
behavior.
 Population
It focuses on demography and factors affecting
population change
 Ecology
This is a study related to population change in relation
to its environment and inhabitants.
 Sociological Theories and Methods
It includes studies on
formulation of theories
relative to social group
life serving as bases
for prediction and
control of the
individual’s social
environment.
 Applied Sociology
This is the
application and use
of the findings of
pure sociological
research.
POLITICAL
SCIENCE
 POLITICAL SCIENCE
 It is a social science discipline that deals with
systems of government, and the analysis of
political activity and political behavior.
 It deals extensively with the theory and practice
of politics which determines the distribution of
power and resources.
 Sub-disciplines of Political
Science
1. Comparative Politics
2. International Political Economy
3. International Relations or International
Affairs
4. Political Theory
5. Public Administration
 Comparative Politics
It is the study of the
domestic politics,
political institutions, and
conflicts of countries.
 International Political Economy
It is an academic
discipline within political
science that analyzes
economics and
international relations.
 International Relations or International
Affairs
 It is a field of political
science, an interdisciplinary
academic field or
independent academic
discipline in which students
take a variety of
internationally focused
courses in social science and
humanities disciplines.
 Political Theory
It refers to a general
view, or specific
ethic, political belief
or attitude about
politics.
 Public Administration
It is the implementation
of government policy
and also an academic
discipline; it prepares
civil servants for
working in the public
service.
 Public Law
It governs relationships
between individuals and
the government, and
those relationship
between individuals
which are of direct
concern to society.
 Political Methodology
It is a subfield of
Political Science that
studies the quantitative
methods used to study
politics.
Goals of Anthropology,
Political Science, and
Sociology
1. To understand and explain the social behavior or
interactions of human beings and the results of these
interactions.
2. To recognize that cultures exist in time and space and
are unique to that time and that space. (Cultures are
distinctive and understanding them requires
acceptance and negotiation.)
3. To understand that politics is intrinsically cultural and
inherent.
4. To appreciate the influence of the environment in
enabling and constraining social life.
Performance Task 3
 Group Research / Presentation
Directions: The teacher will divide the class into three
groups who will conduct a research anchored on the
table below:
Political
Period Anthropology Sociology
Science
Pre-Spanish      
Spanish      
American      
Modern Society      
 Group Research / Presentation
After the conducted group research on the assigned
topics, students will present their findings through
variety show, panel discussion or news casting.
 Rubrics
Criteria Rating
The given topic was well researched and complete. 5 4 3 2 1 0
Role was played in a convincing, consistent manner. 5 4 3 2 1 0
Presentation was well prepared and organized. 5 4 3 2 1 0
Costume and props were effectively used. 5 4 3 2 1 0
Presentation captured and maintained audience’
interest. 5 4 3 2 1 0