Number Sequences and Series

(Barisan dan Deret Bilangan)

BY : ARITHMETIC GROUP
Arithmetic Group
1. Crisdina Suseno

2. Ihsan Prasetya

3. Ramadhina Putri Irza

4. Tanisa Pradani Resna

 Number Sequence and Series

Standard competence Basic Competence

 To determine the simple

number sequence.
 To determine the n-term of
To comprehend the
arithmetic and geometric
sequence and series sequence.
number, and its  To determine the sum of n
application to solve a of the first term of geometric
problem. and arithmetic series.
 To solve problems related to
the sequences and series.
In this chapter we’ll learn…

Pattern of Number
number Sequence

Number Series
 Introducing

Before we learn about number sequence and series, try

to guess the next three number from the problems.
 ! SIMPLE TEST !
1. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18,...
2. 25, 19, 13, 7, 1, -5, …
3. 3a, 5a, 7a, 9a, …
4. Try to explain and give example of real
number !
5. If the first number is 2, and the next
number is….
Pattern of Numbers

POLA BILANGAN
 Definition of Pattern of Numbers

The pattern of numbers is defined as the orderly

arrangement of numbers.
Or
Susunan bilangan yang memiliki keteraturan.
 Pola
Bilangan
1, 3, 5, 7,...
Ganjil
Pattern of Odd Numbers
Susunan batang lidi menunjukkan pola bilangan ganjil

1 3

5 7
 Pattern of Odd Numbers

3 1
The pattern of odd number is 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, …
 Formula Of Pattern Of Odd Numbers

The formula of an odd numbers pattern for the n-order is….

2n-1
 Formula

The sum of n of the first odd numbers is n² which is

written……

1 + 3 + 5 +….+ (2n-1)

Where n is natural number.

 Example

1. Find the sum of 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19.

Answer :
There are 10 terms.
n²
So,
10² = 100

exAmpLe
 Example

2. Find the sum of 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19.

Answer :
From the first question we know that sum of the first 10 terms is 100. Now we
lost the first 4 numbers of the pattern,
that are 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 4² = 16 so,
 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 = (1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15
+ 17 + 19 ) – ( 1 + 3 + 5 + 7)
= 100 – 16
= 84

exAmpLe
 Example

3. Calculate the sum of the second 15 terms of odd pattern

numbers.
Hitunglah jumlah dari 15 bilangan ganjil kedua.
Answer :
The sum of the first 30 terms - the sum of the first 15 terms
= 30² - 15²
=
900 - 225
= 675

exAmpLe
 Pola
Bilangan
2, 4, 6, 8,...
Genap
Pattern of Even Numbers
Susunan noktah menunjukkan pola bilangan genap

2 4 6 8
 Pattern of Even Numbers

4 2
The pattern of even number is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, …
 Formula Of Pattern Of Even Numbers

The formula of an even numbers pattern for the n-order is….

2n
 Formula

The sum of n of the first even numbers is n(n+1) which is

written……

2 + 4 + 6 +….+ 2n = n(n+1)

Where n is natural number.

 Example

Find 2 + 4 +6 + 8 +…

50 terms
Answer :
= n(n+1)
= 50(50+1)
= 50(51)
= 2550
exAmpLe
 Example

In the sequence 2, 4, 6, …100

how many the terms?

Answer :
100 : 2 = 50 terms

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 Pola
Bilangan
1, 3, 6, 10,...
Segitiga
Pattern of Triangle Numbers
The Figures of The Pattern of Triangle Numbers

1 3 6 10
 Pattern of Triangle Numbers

The pattern of triangle number is 1, 3, 6, 10, …

 Formula Of Pattern Of Triangle Numbers

The formula of an triangle numbers pattern for the n-order is….

n(n+1)
2
 Example

1. Find the 15th number of the pattern of triangle numbers.

Answer :
= n(n+1)
= 15(15+1)
= 240

exAmpLe
 Pola 1, 4, 9, 16,...
Bilangan
Persegi
Pattern of Square Numbers
The Figures of The Pattern of Square Numbers

1 4 9 16
 Pattern of Square Numbers

The pattern of square number is 1, 4, 9, 16, …

 Formula Of Pattern Of Square Numbers

The formula of an square numbers pattern for the n-order is….

n²
 Example

1. Determine the 25th term in pattern of square number.

= n²
= 25²
= 625

exAmpLe
 Answer

3. Determine the 30th term from the pattern of square number.

Answer :
= n²
= 30²
= 900

exAmpLe
 Pola
Bilangan 2, 6, 12, 20,...
Persegi
Panjang
Pattern of Rectangle Numbers
The Figures of The Pattern of Rectangle Numbers

2 6 12
 Pattern of Rectangle Numbers

The pattern of rectangle number is 2, 6, 12, …

 Formula Of Pattern Of Rectangle Numbers

The formula of an rectangle numbers pattern for the n-order is….

n(n+1)
 Example

1. Determine the 21th term from pattern of rectangle

number.
Answer :
= n(n+1)
= 21 (21+1)
= 21 (22)
= 462

exAmpLe
 Pola
Bilangan
Segitiga
Pascal
Pattern of Pascal Triangle Numbers
 1
Pascal Triangle
To sum the numbers 1 1
of Pascal triangle
we’ll use the formula
1 2 1
:
1 3 3 1

2 n-1 1 4 6 4 1

1 5 10 10 5 1

1 6 15 20 15 6 1
 Example

1. Find the sum of the following Pascal triangle numbers

lines on:
a. the 5th line
b. the 8th line

Answer :
a. n = 5, so 2n-1
= 25-1
= 24
= 16 exAmpLe
 Answer

b. because n = 8, so
2n-1 = 28-1
= 27
= 128
2. Find the lines of the pattern of Pascal triangle numbers if the sum of the
lines is 64.
Answer :
64 = 2n-1
26 = 2n-1
6 =n-1
n=6+1
n=7 exAmpLe
 Example

3. Factorize (x + y)4 and what is the 2nd and 4th coefficients ?

Tentukan hasil dari (x + y)4, kemudian tentukan pula koefisien
suku ke-3 dan suku ke-7 ?
Answer :
(x + y)4 = x4 + 4x3y + 6x2y2 + 4xy3 + y4
From algebraic form above we know that the 2nd coefficient is 4
and the 4th coefficient is 4.

exAmpLe
 Exercise

1. The 14th terms from the pattern number 1, 3, 6, 10, … is….

Suku ke 14 dari barisan bilangan 1, 3, 6, 10, … adalah…
2. The pattern numbers in the sequence 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, …, is…
Pola bilangan pada barisan bilangan 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, …, adalah…
3. The next 4 terms from 1, 3, 6, 10, ...is…
Empat suku berikutnya daribarisan 1, 3, 6, 10,… adalah…
4. In the pattern of Pascal triangle numbers, the sum of the numbers on lines
10th is…
Pada susunan bilangan-bilangan segitiga pascal, jumlah bilangan yang
terdapat padabaris ke-10 adalah….
 Exercise

5. The n-term from the pattern 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, …is…

Suku ke-n dari barisan 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, …adalah…
6. In a meeting room there are 14 chair at first line, 16 chair at the
second line, 18 chair at third, and hereinafter increase 2 chair. If
the room has 25 chair line. How many chair entirely ?
7. Find the next five terms from the pattern of 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, ….
Tuliskan 5 suku berikutnya dari pola bilangan 9, 16, 25, 36, 49,
….
8. Find the next three terms of the pattern of 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, …
Tentukan 3 suku berikutnya dari pola 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, …
 Exercise

9. Find the sum of the 11th lines Pascal triangle !

10. Factorize the algebraic forms by using Pascal triangle.
What is the 3nd and 4th coefficients of (x + y)6
Arithmetic Sequence Number

BARISAN BILANGAN ARITMATIKA

 ARITHMETIC SEQUENCES

An arithmetic sequence (or counting sequence) is defined as a sequence which is

achieved by adding or
subtracting previous terms with
constant number.

Characteristic of arithmetic sequences :

 Is regular sequence number
 Have the same divergent
 No plus (+) or minus (-) sign in sequences

Example : +2 +2 +2 +2 +2

2 4 6 8 10 12

1st term 2nd term 3rd term 4th term 5th term 6th term
Math Difficult Terms
HOW TO FIND THE n-term

a, (a+b), (a+2b), (a+3b), (a+4b), … Un = a + (n-1) b

HOW TO FIND THE DIVERGENT

If b > 0 it means that the arithmetic sequence is up
b = U2 - U1 If b < 0 it means that the arithmetic sequence is down

HOW TO FIND THE MIDDLE TERM

Ut = 1/2(a+Un)
 EXAMPLE :

Given : Arithmetic sequence : 3,5,7,9,11,13,…

Ask : Divergent and the 10th term

Answer :

divergent
b = U2 – U 1
=5–3
=2

The 10th term

Un = a + (n-1) b
U10 = 3 + (10-1)2
U10 = 3 + 18
exAmpLe
U10 = 21
 EXAMPLE :

Given : The first term of arithmetic sequence is 8, and

the divergent is 5

Ask : the 15th term, and the middle term if the total of term is 15

Answer :

The 15th term : The middle term:

Un = a + (n-1) b Ut = 1/2(a+Un)
U15 = 8 + (15-1)5 = 1/2(8+78)
= 8 + (14)5 = 1/2(86)
= 8 + 70 = 43
= 78
exAmpLe
 EXAMPLE :
Given : 2/5, 5/7, 8/9, 1, …
Ask : the n-term
Answer :

2/5, 5/7, 8/9, 1,… = 2/5, 5/7, 8/9, 11/11

Numerator = 2,5,8,11 denominator = 5,7,9,11

b = U2-U1 b = U2-U1
= 5-2 = 7-5
=3 =2

Un = a + (n-1)b Un= a+(n-1)b

= 2 + ( n-1)3 = 5+(n-1)2
= 2 + 3n-3 = 5+2n-2
= 3n +2-3 = 2n+5-2
= 3n -1 …….......(i) = 2n + 3 …………(ii)

So, the n- term is = i = 3n-1

ii 2n+3 exAmpLe
 Check your 1. The 40 term from 7,5,3,1,…
understanding ! is …
!

solution :

b = U2-U1
= 5-7
= -2

Un = a+(n-1)b
U40 = 7 + (40-1)-2
= 7 + (39)-2
= 7 + (-78)
= -71
 2. Pada sebuah gedung
pertunjukan, banyak kursi pada
Check your baris paling depan adalah 15 buah,
understanding !! banyak kursi pada baris di
belakangnya selalu lebih 3 buah
dari baris di depannya. Berapa
banyak kursi pada baris ke-12 ?

Solution :
15, (15+3), (15+6), … , U12

a= 15 b=3
Un = a+(Un-1)b
U12= 15 +(12-1)3
= 15 +(11)3
= 15 + 33
= 48
 3. Arithmetic sequence is
Check your 2,5,8,14,17,… the formula
understanding !! of that arithmetic
sequence is…

Solution :
b = U2-U1
= 5-2
=3

Un= a+(n-1)b
= 2 +(n-1)3
= 2 + 3n-3
= 3n+2-3
= 3n-1
Geometric Sequence Number

BARISAN BILANGAN GEOMETRI

 Geometric sequence
A geometric sequence is also called measurement sequence.
A geometric sequence is defined as a sequence which achieved
by multiplying previous terms with constant
number which is ≠ 0. this constant number
is called as ratio, and its notation is r.

In geometric sequence of:

U1 , U2 , U3 , . . . . . , Un-1 , Un it prevails r=
U2=U3=U4=…….= Un
U1 U2 U3 Un-1
for r is ratio and n is natural numbers..
 Formula

Geometric sequence can be written as follow:

a, ar, ar2, ar3,

U1 U2 U3 U4

The formula of geometric sequences for the n-term is given as follow:

Un = arn-1
Where:
Un = the n-terms, for n is natural numbers
a = the 1st term (U1)
r = ratio
Geometric sequences can be determined by seeing the value of
ratio (r).

If r > 1, it means that the geometric sequence is up.

If 0 > r > 1, it means that the geometric sequence is down.
Example:
1. Find the 6th term of the sequence 2, 6, 18 . . . .
2. Find the ratio of geometric sequence if a = 27 and U4 = 1

Solution :
3. We know, a = 2 and U2 = 6
r = Un = U2 = U2 = 6 = 3
Un-1 U2-1 U1 2
Thus,
Un = arn-1
U6 = ar6-1 = ar5 = 2 . 35 = 2 . 243
= 486
Hence, the 6th term of the sequence 2, 6, 18 . . . Is 486
exAmpLe
Example :

2. We know, a = 27 and U4 = 1
Un = arn-1
 U4 = ar4-1 = ar3
 1 = 27r3
 r3 = 1 = 1
27 3
r=1
3

Thus, the ratio value is 1

3 exAmpLe
 Do this exercise
NOW !!!

1. Find the ratio value and the

5th term of the following
geometric sequences…
a. 2, 6, 18, 54
b. 81, 27, 9, 3
c. 72, -36, 18, -9
d. 2, -4, 8, -16
Arithmetic Series

DERET ARITMATIKA
 Introduce

Jika pada barisan aritmatika, kita menggunakan

koma untuk membedakan satu suku dengan suku
lainnya. Tapi pada deret aritmatika kita
mengggunakan tanda tambah.
 Introduce

Dalam deret aritmatika kita akan menggunakan istilah-istilah :

Suku 1 = a
suku 2 = a + b
suku 3 = a + 2b
Dalam barisan aritmatika kita menggunakan rumus :
a + (n-1 )b tapi dalam deret aritmatika rumus tersebut kita
gunakan sebagai awal mula dari rumus suku ke-n dalam deret
aritmatika.
 Pay Attention to this formula

Deret pertama
Sn = a + (a+b) + (a+2b) + (a+3b) + ……… + {a+(n-1)b}

Supaya kita menemukan rumus deret aritmatika, kita harus

membalikkan deret di atas.

Deret kedua
Sn = {a+ (n-1)b} +………. + (a+3b) + (a+2b) + (a+b) + a

Tahap kemudian kita tambahkan deret pertama dengan

deret kedua.
 Pay Attention to this formula

Sn = a + (a+b) + ……… + {a + (n-2) b } + {a + (n-1) b }

Sn = {a+ (n-1)b} + {a+ (n-2) b} + ……... + (a+b) + a
+
2Sn = {2a + (n-1)b} + { 2a+ (n-1)b} + ……. + {2a+ (n-1)b} + {2a + (n-1)b}

2Sn = n { 2a + (n-1) b }
Sn = n { 2a + (n-1) b }
2
Sn = n { a + a + (n-1) b }
2

Sn = n (a+ Un )
2
Pay Attention to this formula
certificate for all of student

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uh…….

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 Type of pattern The formula
The n- term of odd numbers 2n-1

The sum of odd numbers in sequence n²

The n-term of even numbers 2n

The sum of even number in sequence n(n+1)

The n-term of triangle numbers

n(n+1)
2

The n-term of square numbers n²

The n-term of rectangle numbers n(n+1)

The n-term of Pascal triangle

2n-1