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Land Surveys, Site Location and Map Reading: Speaker: Engr. Merlito Castor Catolico
Land Surveys, Site Location and Map Reading: Speaker: Engr. Merlito Castor Catolico
(4 hours)
WHAT IS GEODETIC
ENGINEERING ?
Easement = areas of land owned by the property owner, but in which other parties,
such as utility companies, may have limited rights granted for a specific purpose.
http://raider.mountunion.edu/~mcnaugma/
topographic%20maps/contour.htm
COMMON SURVEYING TERMS FOR
REAL ESTATE BROKERS BROKERS
Bearings = Bearings are used to indicate angular
orientation with respect to the earth
Benchmark = A survey mark made on a monument
having a known location and elevation, serving as a
reference point for surveying.
Tie Line = A survey line that connects a point to other
surveyed lines
Property Line = describes the legal boundary of a parcel
of land
BLLM = Bureau of Lands Location Monument
COMMON SURVEYING TERMS
FOR REAL ESTATE BROKERS BROKERS
TCT = Transfer Certificate of Title
OCT = Original Certificate of Title
Free-Patent = is a legitimate proof of ownership of public
land in the Philippines granted by the Philippine
government. It is an agreement between the government
and the grantee, that he or she is charged of developing the
land within a specified period of time.
Consolidation and Subdivision Survey = land survey of
more than two contiguous lots merging to form a single lot,
and a single lot subdivided into two or more lots,
respectively.
COMMON SURVEYING TERMS
FOR REAL ESTATE BROKERS BROKERS
CAD = Cadastral Survey
Csd = subdivision survey of Cadastral Lot
Psd = subdivision survey of a titled properties. All Psd surveys are
conducted by a Private Geodetic Engineer
Bsd - Is a subdivision survey on government titled properties
conducted by a Government Geodetic Engineer. If a private titled land
is being surveyed by a Government Geodetic Engineer thru court
order, the resulting survey is a Bsd.
Psu - is a survey on original land (not yet surveyed) by a private
Geodetic Engineer. This kind of survey will be used by titling thru
judicial proceedings (means thru court order).
FP - Free Patent survey by a Private Geodetic Engineer
COMMON SURVEYING TERMS
FOR REAL ESTATE BROKERS BROKERS
Triangulation = a series of connected triangles which
adjoin or overlap each other, with angles being measured
from determined fixed stations
Trilateration = uses electronic distance measuring
equiAMent to directly measure the lengths of the sides of
triangles from which the angles can be calculated
Traverse = consists of a series of lines, whose lengths and
directions are measured, connecting points whose
positions are to be determined
open traverse begins at a point of known position and ends at a station
whose relative position is unknown.
closed traverse begins and ends at the same point whose position is known
COMMON SURVEYING TERMS
FOR REAL ESTATE BROKERS BROKERS
Leveling is the operation of determining differences of
elevation by measuring vertical distances directly on a
graduated rod with the use of a leveling instrument
such as a dumpy level, transit or Theodolites. This
method is called Direct Leveling or Differential
leveling
Indirect leveling can be done using the principle that
differences in elevation are proportional to the
differences in atmospheric pressure
Radiation is a surveying technique often used in
conjunction with a plane table
Total Station
Traditional Transit
LAND SURVEYS
FOR REAL ESTATE BROKERS
Land Surveying
is the science and art of making all essential measurements
to determine the relative position of points or physical and
cultural details above, on, or beneath the surface of the
Earth, and to depict them in a usable form, or to establish
the position of points, or details.
Surveying Uses :
Mathematics
Geometry
Trigonometry
Physics
Engineering
Law
TWO TYPES OF SURVEY
Plane surveying = considers the
earth to be a flat surface-- a
plane
Geodetic surveying = takes into
account the true shape of the
earth.
TYPES OF SURVEYING
ACCORDING TO USE
Detailed Engineering:
These are carried for engineering feasibility studies, ground
terrain analysis, design planning and during actual
construction phase.
Topographic Survey
Contour Mapping
Hydrographic Survey
Construction Layout
Highway & Bridge Design Survey
As-built Construction Survey
TYPES OF SURVEYING
ACCORDING TO USE
Ground Control Establishment :
These are carried in surveys that require a high degree of accuracy
with regards to both relative and absolute geodetic position.
Cadastral Survey
Parcellary Survey
Subdivision Consolidation Survey
Boundary Relocation Survey
TYPES OF SURVEYING
ACCORDING TO USE
Route Alignment :
These services are required during the design &
actual construction of road alignment and
river embankment structures to determine the
condition of the existing terrain.
Road Alignment
Profile Cross-Section Survey
River Survey
THREE ELEMENTS OF
SPACE IN SURVEYING
DISTANCE = the extent or amount of space
between two things, points, lines, etc.
DIRECTION = a position on a line extending
from a specific point toward a point of the
compass or toward the nadir or the zenith
ELEVATION = height above a fixed reference
point
FOUR CARDINAL
POINTS IN SURVEYING
• NORTH
• SOUTH
• EAST
• WEST
ROUGH DISTANCE MEASUREMENT
PACING
Distance = Pace factor × Number of Paces
Determine your Pace Factor
Homework:
1. Place a stick upright in the ground so that you can see its shadow. Alternatively, you can use the shadow of a
fixed object. Nearly any object will work, but the taller the object is, the easier it will be to see the movement of its
shadow, and the narrower the tip of the object is, the more accurate the reading will be. Make sure the shadow is
cast on a level, brush-free spot.
2. Mark the tip of the shadow with a small object, such as a pebble, or a distinct scratch in the ground. Try to
make the mark as small as possible so as to pinpoint the shadow's tip, but make sure you can identify the mark
later.
3. Wait 10-15 minutes. The shadow tip will move mostly from west to east in a curved line.
4. Mark the new position of the shadow's tip with another small object or scratch. It will likely move only a short
distance.
5. Draw a straight line in the ground between the two marks. This is an approximate east-west line.
6. Stand with the first mark (west) on your left, and the other (east) on your right. You are now facing mostly
toward true north, regardless of where you are in the world.
This method is based on the fact that the sun moves across the sky from East to West.
What is Latitude and Longitude
Lines of Latitude
Example: Equator = “0 °”
latitude
Lines of Longitude
- Also called “meredian”
- “0 ° “ Longitude passes at Greenwich, England
(by convention)
Why Orient a Map?
If you know where you are on the map, you should be
able to look in any direction and see the objects
represented on the map in the same direction.
If you can see a known mountain in one direction and a
lake off another way, then just lay the map out, and
turn it so the corresponding marks on the map align
with the distant features.
You can verify the location of your subject
property – on the ground
SITE LOCATION
USING A RULER FIND THE FASTEST
WAY TO MEASURE THE HEIGHT OF
THE 7 STOREY BUILDING?
DEFINITION OF TERMS
LAND = the Earth's surface extending downward to the center of the Earth
and upward to infinity, including permanently attached natural objects.
SITE = a parcel of land which improved to the extent that it is ready for use
for the purpose of which it is intended
LOT = is a tract or parcel of land owned or meant to be owned by some
owner(s), with documented defined boundaries (or borders)
LOCATION = an economic characteristic of real estate composed of
immobility, constant change, dependence, and elements of special
distribution
REAL ESTATE includes everything in the definition of Land, plus all
things permanently attached to it naturally or artificially.
REAL PROPERTY includes Real Estate plus the interests, benefits and
rights automatically included with the ownership of the Real Estate -
Possession, Control, Enjoyment, Exclusion, and Disposition.
IMPORTANT DATA NEEDED FOR
SITE LOCATION
Direction (Using internet, example: Google
earth)
Lot Plan / Vicinity Map / Location Map
Means of Transportation
Access Roads/Routes
Reference Point (adjacent properties / land
marks) and Specific Distances, or Time Frame
Land Use
Contact persons
SOURCES OF DATA FOR SITE
LOCATION
Survey Maps
Vicinity or Location Map
Tax map
Land Title
Sketch Plan
Owner
Owner’s Agent
Internet (ie… Google Map)
Barangay/ Purok Officials
Neighbors
HOW TO IDENTIFY PROPERTY
IN A SITE LOCATION
Technical Approach
By relocation Survey
Layman’s Approach
Direction of a
knowledgeable person
Semi-Skilled Approach
Sketching/Plotting with the use of:
Compass and Tape
Angular estimate and Pacing
Use of a GPS
HOW REAL PROPERTY IS
DESCRIBED
Metes and Bound method = a "bounded by" description
Uses = appears in instruments such as sale contracts, deeds and other
agreements relating to the property
Boundaries = uses physical features and geographical references to identify
and describe the property's dimensions.
Importance = legal description is also helpful in identifying property
boundaries when making alterations or improvements, so a proper description
is essential in preventing or deciding boundary disputes between neighboring
property owners.
Lot and Block System = With a subdivision plat or map, the plat or map is
divided into smaller blocks, with individual lots demarcated within the blocks.
PROPERTY DESCRIPTION IN THE TITLE
MAP READING
MAP SYMBOLS
MAP SCALE
Map Scale = indicates the relationship between a certain
distance on the map and the distance on the ground. Often
located in the “legend box”
Types of Scales:
1. Ratio or Representative Fraction (RF)
Example: 1/100,000 or 1:100,000
2. Word statement
"One centimeter equals ten kilometers.“
3. Graphic Scale
Map of the Philippines
LATITUDE
LONGITUDE
IMPORTANT INFORMATIONS
IN A MAP?
1. Legend, or Key = will show the user what different symbols mean
2. Orientation / Direction = a north arrow (pointing in the correct direction) for user to
determine direction
3. Scale = See previous explanation
4. Neatline = the border of a map, to define the edge of the map area
5. Title = provides important clues about the cartographer's intentions and goals
6. Color / Color Scheme = used on maps to signify a relationship to the object or feature
on the ground
7. Latitude and Longitude/ Projection = See previous presentation
8. Cartographer = The authority behind the composition of the map
9. Date of Production = needed for the user to determine the meaning and value of
some maps since such as those relating to current affairs or weather are time sensitive.
10. Locator Maps = a "helper" or locator map that places the body of the map within a
larger geographical context
11. Inset Maps = additional close-up, "zoomed-in" maps of these small areas
12. Index Maps = labels and other information
THANK YOU AND GOOD
LUCK !
For your Real Estate Brokerage.
Appraisal, and
Consultancy Needs
Contact: Engr. Merlito Castor Catolico
0917 716 5538