Financial Instruments

AN INTRODUCTION
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

SAK
IAS
IAS 55
IFRS 39
32
7
 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Financial
Any contract Assets

that gives rise to

a financial asset
of one entity and
a financial Financial
liability or equity Instruments

instruments of
another entity Financial
Equity
Financial
Liability
(IAS32.11 and IAS 39.8)
 FINANCIAL ASSETS

Cash An equity instrument

of another entity

A contractual right :
Financial
(a) to receive cash or another Assets
financial asset from another
instruments ...
entity (b) entity’s own equity
to exchange financial assets or may be settled in
financial liabilities with another
entity under conditions that are A contract that will or
potentially favourable to the
entity.
 FINANCIAL ASSETS

A contract that will or may be settled in entity’s

own equity instruments and is :
a. A non-derivative for which the entity is or
may be obliged to receive a variable number
of the entity’s own equity instruments; or
b. A derivative that will or may be settled other
than by the exchange of a fixed amount of
cash or another financial asset for a fixed
number of the entity’s own equity
instruments.
Apakah aset berikut yang dimiliki oleh entitas memenuhi
definisi aset keuangan?

? In ve n
es
tori

Artefacts
&
Antiques

Gold Bullion,
Prepaid Expense,
Income tax
receivable
FINANCIAL ASSETS

Cash

Bank
Deposit

Financial
Assets

Investment
in Stock Receivables
 FINANCIAL LIABILITY
entity, or
financial asset to another
a) to deliver cash or another
a contractual obligation
Financial
Liability
b) To exchange financial
assets or financial
liabilities with another
entity under conditions
that are potentially
unfavourable to the entity.
A contract that will or
may be settled in the
entity’s own equity
instruments and is
equity instruments; or
number of the entity’s own
obliged to deliver a variable
which the entity is or may be
a) A non-derivative for
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES

notes
payables

Bond Financial Account

payable Liabilities payable

Guarantee
contract
 EQUITY INSTRUMENTS

Any contract that evidences a residual interest in

the assets of an entity after deducting all of its
liabilities
(IAS 32.11 and IAS 39.8)
 EQUITY INSTRUMENTS

Criteria :
If the instrument will
or may be settled in the
b) To exchange issuer’s own equity
The instrument
financial assets or instruments, it is :
includes no contractual
financial liabilities
obligation: a) A non derivative
with another entity
a) to deliver cash or that includes no
under conditions that
another financial contractual obligation
are potentially
assets to another for the issuer to deliver
unfavourable to the
entity; or a variable number of
issuer;
its own equity
instruments; or
EQUITY INSTRUMENTS
Non-
puttable
ordinary
shares

Non
Warrants
or written
Equity redeemable
call options Instruments Preference
shares

Non-
cumulative
preference
shares
DERIVATIVE
A financial instrument or other contract
within the scope of IAS 39 with all three of
the following characteristic :

1. Its value changes in response to the change in a specified

interest rate, financial instrument price, commodity price,
foreign exchange rate, index of prices or rates, credit rating
or credit index, or other variable

2. It requires no intial net investment or an initial net

investment that is smaller than would be required for other
types of contract that would be expected to have a similar
response to changes in market factors; and

3. It is settled at a future date (IAS 39.9)

DERIVATIVE
Options

Currency
Futures
swap

Interest
rate swap Forwards
 Initial Recognition of Financial Assets
The entity becomes a party to the contractual
provisions of the instruments

It is probable future economic benefits associated with

the item will flow to or flow out from the entity;

The cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Recognition at trade date basis

If the criteria are met, an entity would normally recognise the assets (or liability)
on a settlement date basis.

Settlement date = the date that an asset is delivered to or by an entity.

Trade date = the date that an entity commits itself to purchase or sell an assets.
 Initial Recognition of Financial Assets
Pada tanggal 5 Maret 2009, Melody Limited menandatangani call option
contract untuk membeli mata uang asing pada tanggal 31 Maret 2010.
Melody berargumentasi bahwa karena hak tersebut belum tentu
digunakan, maka hak tersebut baru akan diakui sampai tanggal 31 Maret
2010.

Bagaimana pendapat Anda?

Kontrak opsi tersebut seharusnya diakui pada tanggal 5 Maret 2009, karena pada
tanggal tersebut Melody sudah menjadi pihak yang terikat dalam kontrak.
 Initial Recognition of Financial Assets

Entitas dapat memilih untuk mengakui aset keuangan atau

liabilitas keuangan, apakah pada trade date atau
settlement date, dengan mempertimbangkan apakah
tanggal tersebut a regular way to purchase or sale aset
keuangan.
• Biaya transaksi yg langsung diatribusikan ke perolehanatau +
penerbitan aset keuangan/liabilitas keu (biaya inkremental).
• Harga wajar (fair value) ;
• plus
Aset Keuangan dan Liabilitas Keuangan diakui pada :
Pengukuran Awal Aset Keuangan
 Embedded Securities

Instrumen keuangan yang memiliki karakteristik ganda atau kombinasi sifat.

Contohnya adalah obligasi konvertibel.

Financial
Convertible liability
Bond Equity
instrument

IAS 32 menyatakan bahwa penyajian liabilitas keuangan dan instrumen ekuitas

harus dipisahkan, baik bagi penerbit maupun pemegang sekuritas.