EGYPTIAN LITERATURE

42 Nomes – No. of province

*norms = province
•22 – no. of nomes in the upper part
(south)
•20 – no. of nomes in the lower part
(north)
*upper part – south
*lower part – north
Representations
•Upper part – lotus, vulture, and
white crown
•Lower part – red crown, cobra and
papyrus

Kemet – original name of Ancient Egypt

which means “black land”
 3, 100 BC
- Civilized; 1st Dynasty; Narmor – “Menes”-
founder

 2,500 BC
-The 2nd Dynasty; practice of
mummification
*Saqqara – the location of the 1st stone pyramid
that was built by Zoser.

 2,000 BC
- Egypt colonized to expand their land
1,540 BC
*1st female pharaoh – Hatu
Shepsu; she wanted peace rather than
war.
*Thutmose I – husband and half
brother of Hatu Shepsu. He ruled Egypt
for 4 yrs.
 1,353 BC
- practice of Monotheism –
worshipping one God.
*Amenhotep IV – change his
name to Aken(means other gods)
*Akenhotep – from the name of
god he wanted to change
13th Century
- beginning of Ramses(Pharaoh on
Moses time.
332 BC
*Alexander the Great – conquered
Egypt and adapted their beliefs.
 1805
- start of Modernization
*Muhammad
Ali – the pharaoh who
modernized Egypt by
building the 1st port last 1805.
*Their Society was organized

 Hierarchy of society in Egypt

1. Pharaoh
2. Vizier
3. Priesthood
4. Army General
5. Officials
6. Mayors
7. Working Class
8. Criminals/ Slaves
*Working Class – this class in Egypt are those who
built monuments, temples, and entertained masses.
*Mortuary – these are text which are about death or
burial
*The tale of Eloquent peasant – a tale about a man who
made an eloquent pleas for the return of his stolen
donkey.
 Atum – the father of Egyptian mythology

Shu – god of air ; Tefnut – goddess of moisture

god of earth - Geb & Nut – goddess of

sky Osiris &Isis Seth &

god Nephtys god of

of underworld god of magic god of evil mourn
Horus - one eye god; king of Ancient
Egypt mythology
*Seth killed King Osiris and Osiris went
to underworld
*Horus killed Seth
*R a – god of sun
*Baphomet – half ram and half man
I. Old Kingdom (3,100 BC)
 Papyrus – a tall perennial grass where
Ancient Egypt use to write on.
 Pyramid Text
II. 1ST Intermediate Period (2,500 BC)
 Coffin Text
 the Dialogue of a man with his Ba (which
means soul)
- story written in coffin about their
pharaoh
III. Middle Kingdom
( 2,000 BC)
Hymns and songs for deity
and king
Cleopatra – one of the well known
pharaoh.
- She used her beauty to tempt
some pharaoh.
IV. New Kingdom ( 1,540 BC)
 Military, colonial and heroism
V. Last Kingdom
 Adventures of various magicians
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