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Carbon Nanotubes and Biosensors
Carbon Nanotubes and Biosensors
Carbon Nanotubes
Lakshmi Jagannathan
Enzyme-Coated Carbon Nanotubes
as Single-Molecule Bionsensors1
Introduction and Motivation
Physical Immobilization of Protein
Method/Experimentation
Result/Evidence of Immobilization (AFM)
Electrical Characteristics
Method/Experimentation
Results and Electrical Characteristics
Conclusion
1
Koen Besteman, Jeong-O Lee, Frank G. M. Wiertz, Hendrik A. Heering,
and Cees Dekker, Nano Letters, 2003, Vol. 3, No. 6, 727-730.
Introduction and Motivation
Unique properties of single-wall carbon
nanotubes can be used for biosensors
Detection of Glucose Oxidase:
important enzyme that catalyzes glucose
necessary to detect the presence of glucose in
body fluids
enzyme as an electrode to detect current
B and D: After
immobilization of GOX-
difference in height before
and after= height of GOX
molecule
Electrical Measurements- Method
Electrolyte-gated carbon
nanotube transistors
Measurements done in
aqueous solution at
room temperature
Liquid gate voltage
applied between an
Ag/AgCl 3M NaCl
standard reference
electrode and SWNT
Conductance:
Source: Rosenblatt, S.; Yaish, Y.; Park,
J.; Gore, J.; Sazonova, V.; McEuen,
P. L. Nano Lett. 2002, 2, 869.
Electrical Characteristics- Results
Black: bare SWNT
Green/Red: 2h and 4h
in DMF
Electron-donating
power of DMF
Dark Blue: With linking
molecule on surface
Light Blue: After Gox
immobilization
Electrical Characteristics- Results
SWNT as an excellent
nanosize pH sensor
Without Gox Immobilization,
cannnot tell difference
between different pH
After Gox, conductance
increases for higher pH
Gate voltage changes by
20mV- conductance
changes
Sensitivity due to charged
groups on Gox that
become more negative
with increasing pH
Electrical Characteristics- Results
Real time electronic
response
Adding water no
conductance shift
Adding Glucose and
after activity of Gox
conductance shifts
Inset a– another device
Inset b– bare SWNT
without immobilization
of Gox, but just the
addition of glucose
Conclusion
SWNT can be used as an enzymatic-activity
sensor
SWNT can also be used as a pH sensor
This first demonstration of biosensors
provides a new tool for enzymatic studies and
highlights the potential for SWNT to be used
for biomolecular diagnostics
References
Besteman, K.; Lee, J.; Wiertz, F. G. M. ;
Heering, H. A.; Dekker, C.; Nano Letters,
2003, Vol. 3, No. 6, 727-730.
Rosenblatt, S.; Yaish, Y.; Park, J.; Gore, J.;
Sazonova, V.; McEuen, P. L. Nano Lett.
2002, 2, 869.
Chen, R. J.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, D.; Dai, H. J.
Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 3838.
Thank You!
Questions?
Extra Slides
pH sensor:
Figure 3. The pH was set by using 0.1 mM HCl
in milli-Q water (pH 4) and 0.1 mM KCl in
milli-Q water (pH 5.5). For all measurements
the source-drain voltage was kept at 9.1 mV.
It is seen that the conductance increases with
increasing pH and that pH changes induce a
reversible change in the conductance.