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Basis For Distributed Database Technology
Basis For Distributed Database Technology
Processing Logic
Function
Data
Control
All the above modes of distribution are necessary and important for
distributed database technology
Distributed database system
Directory Management
Concurrency Control
Deadlock Management
Transparency and Architecture
issues in DDBMSs
Top-Down DDBMS Architecture - Classical
Global Schema
Allocation Schema
DBMS I DBMS I
Local Database I
Local Database 2
Site 1
Site 2
Top-Down DDBMS Architecture - Classical
Global Schema:
Schema a set of global relations as if database were not
distributed at all
Fragmentation Schema:
Schema global relation is split into “non-overlapping”
(logical) fragments. 1:n mapping from relation R to fragments R i.
Allocation Schema:
Schema 1:1 or 1:n (redundant) mapping from fragments
to sites. All fragments corresponding to the same relation R at a site
j constitute the physical image Rj. A copy of a fragment is denoted
by Rji.
Local Mapping Schema:
Schema a mapping from physical images to physical
objects, which are manipulated by local DBMSs.
Global Relations, Fragments and Physical Images
R •Separating concepts of
R1 R 1
Physical Images
•Local Mapping Transparency
Rules for Data Fragmentation
Fragmentation Transparency:
Transparency Just like using global relations.
Location Transparency:
Transparency Need to know fragmentation schema; but
need not know where fragments are located. Applications access
fragments (no need to specify sites where fragments are located).
Local Mapping Transparency:
Transparency Need to know both fragmentation and
allocation schema; no need to know what the underlying local
DBMSs are. Applications access fragments explicitly specifying
where the fragments are located.
No Transparency:
Transparency Need to know local DBMS query languages, and
write applications using functionality provided by the Local DBMS
Why is support for transparency difficult?
(A2,D2,H1)
Autonomy
Heterogeneity
Architectural Alternatives
Operating
Client DBMS
System
Communication software
Communication software
Semantic Data Controller
Query Optimizer
Operating
Transaction Manager
Recovery Manager
Runtime Support Processor
System
Database
Distributed Database Reference Architecture
GCS
Database
MDBS Architecture With Global Schema
LCS1 LCSn
LIS1 LISn
MDBS Architecture without Global Schema
Multidatabase
Layer
Local Database
System Layer LCS1 LCS2 LCSn
Scheduler Scheduler
Database Database
Global Directory Issues