OPTIMIZATION OF


ENERGY SYSTEMS
 
The body needs energy to function, even
during sleep and rest. During exercise,
energy must be produced at a faster rate as
compared to its resting state. With different
forms of activity, muscles are used, and the
heart compensates by beating faster to
deliver oxygen to the whole body. For all
these functions, energy is needed.
 Energy comes from what we eat which
are in the forms of:

1. Carbohydrates
2. Fat
3. Protein
Carbohydrates

Our muscles live and store carbohydrates
in what is known as glycogen. Glycogen is
used as fuel by the body when it is broken
down as glucose.

Fat

Fat is stored under our skin or adipose
tissue. It serves as insulation for the body to
prevent heat loss. Fat, or triglyceride, serves
as fuel too when it is broken down into two
types of molecules- glycerol and fatty acids.
Energy is released when it is broken down.

Protein

One of our fundamental building
blocks is protein . This is used for the
repair and growth of body tissue. It is not
normally stored in the body the way
carbohydrates and fat are. Only when in
excess will protein be stored and
converted as fat.

 
 When carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are
broken down, they produce a substance
called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

What is ATP?
a phosphorylated nucleotide composed of
adenosine and three phosphate groups that
supplies energy for many biochemical cellular
processes.
 
ATP is the energy fuel of the body for all its functions
such as the manufacture and repair of tissue,
production of hormones , digestion and transmission of
nerve impulses among others .ATP is made up of
adenosine and three phosphate groups. As the three
phosphates are in a special high-energy bond, the
breaking of one of the phosphate bonds results in
energy. When this occurs in a muscle cell, mechanical
work is generated and the muscle contracts. Heat is
byproduct of this process.
 Energy Systems in Sport & Exercise

The Phosphocreatine Energy System


This system is used for instantaneous
activity lasting several seconds. In this system,
a fuel called creatine phosphate is used to
make ATP. Only in limited amounts, when
creatine phosphate is broken down, the energy
from this process is immediately used to
reproduce ATP.
 
This process is in use when you
need an explosive action, such as
dashing away from a mad dog. In
sports, this system is used in the 100
and 200 meter dash, shot put, and
discus throwing.

The Lactic Acid Energy System

When glycogen is used without oxygen to
produce ATP, such system is called the lactic acid
system. The lactic acid system can sustain quick
bursts of high intensity activity, up to 90 seconds.
Activities such as resistance training, or similar
activities with eight to twelve repetitions until
muscular failure, or running the 400 to 800 meter
event, utilizes this energy system.
 
There are two limitations of this energy
system: one, limited glycogen stores in
muscles; and two, the excessive lactic
acid build-up of converting glycogen to
ATP without oxygen may lead to fatigue.
The Aerobic Energy System

The aerobic energy system makes use of oxygen
with glucose, fatty acids, and even amino acids to
produce energy. The process of energy production
occurs in the mitochondria, which is inside the muscle
cells. Therefore, the mitochondria is dubbed the
"powerhouse" of the cell. The mitochondria contain
enzymes that enable the cell to use oxygen to produce
ATP. In the aerobic system, large quantities of ATP
are produced, and the by-products are carbon dioxide
and water.
 
This energy system sustains prolonged
activities such as walking, jogging,
swimming, cycling, and circuit-based
weight training. Therefore, endurance
activities are designed to be less intense,
but prolonged, as the aerobic energy
system takes longer for the ATP to be
replenished.
 THANKS

FOR
WATCHING
!!!
 REPORTERS:

Regie V. Anino
and
Kathleen H. Oňez