SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF MIGRATION

P R E PA R E D :
SARASWOTI
RABINA
S U S M I TA
A N I TA
MIGRATION
 DEFINITION OF MIGRATION
• Migration is generally known as the spatial change of
people from one place to another .
• It is the movement of people across a specified boundary
for the purpose of establishing permanent or semi-
permanent residence.
• Change in residence from origin to destination place.
• It has practiced for betterment of life style.
• Movement is internal and international.

(Teacher hence out)

CAUSES OF MIGRATION
• Push and pull factors are responsible for migration.
 Migration is only for better life.
 Push factors means pressure to left the origin place.
 Pull factors means attraction to the destination place.

 Determinants of migration
• Social determinants
• Economic determinants
• Demographic determinants
1) SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF MIGRATION
 Age of marriage
 Education
 Low caste and ethnicity
 Socio-cultural and religious values and beliefs
 Health services and facilities
 Status of women

The

(Siteresourse-worldbank.org.)
 Age of marriage:
• In age at marriage females are more migratory than males.
The volume of female migration is higher than the male in

internal migration .
• Marriage is the main reason for female migration, which is
followed by other family-related reasons, study and work.
• The primary reasons for male internal migration are
employment(50.6%) , family reasons(16.4%) and
education(32.5%).
• The primary reasons for female internal migration are
marriage(58.9%), study(14.4%) and family reasons (20.1%).

• (Academia.edu)
  Education :

• It is also one of the social-cultural determinants of migration.

• Nowadays, many people decide to migrate to have a better
life.
• Education developed employment opportunities are the most
common reason due to which people migrate.
• This nexus of extreme poverty and unusually high
unemployment rate has resulted in a rapid emigration of
labour migrants in Nepal.
• the rate of labour migration has rapidly increased in Nepal
from 3.2 percent in 2001 to 7.3 percent in 2011.(Madhesi
Youth)
 • Low caste and ethnicity:

 The traditional caste system is breaking but caste survives as

an ethnic unit and affects various aspects of life.
 While Tarai Janajati households have the highest likelihood
of having an internal migration. (Academia.edu)
• caste/ethnic groups are more likely to migrate to different
destinations and if these effects are due to social and
economic capitals (such as education and economic ability),
or social exclusion. (paa.confex.com/paa/2017/mediafile..)
 •Health services and facilities:

• These factors and conditions are referred to as social

determinants of health.
• Migration, among other factors, is considered a social
determinant of health for its potential to impact health.
• There are various levels of social determinants of health,
which range from the general socioeconomic, legal,
cultural, environmental, and physical environments.
(migrationdataportal.org/themes/migration-and-health).
 • Social-cultural and Religious values and Beliefs:

• migration and religion. Migration almost always affects

religion.
• This is so because when people migrate to a new place
they alter routines of daily life, and new experience
inevitably acts upon even the most tenaciously held
religious tradition. Conversely, religion often inspires
migration. (www.encyclopedia.com/.../migration-and-
religion)
 • Status of women:
• Migration (even excluding the marriage migration) affects
the status of women directly or indirectly.
• Migration can increase women’s access to education and
economic resources, and can improve their autonomy and
status. Female migrants and refugees are at greater risk of
exploitation and abuse, including trafficking.
• Highly skilled women have high rates of migration but many
are employed in low-skilled jobs.
(www.odi.org/publications/10476-women-move..)
Thank you