WEEK 3

The Science of Sociology and

Anthropology
By: Ms. Janina Louisa L. Bawit
Objectives for the week:

● Become aware of the origin and nature of Sociology and Anthropology

● Discuss and appreciate the contributions of sociology and anthropology
● Justify and explain anthropology as a scientific discipline
● Show the relationship between sociology and anthropology
Materials Needed:

● Reference Materials
● Audio-Visual materials
Lesson / Topics:

● Definition and scope of Sociology and Anthropology

● Goal of anthropology
● Branches and subfields of Anthropology’
● Anthropology as a scientific discipline
● Relationship between sociology and anthropology
Learning Activities:

● Motivational Activity
○ Picture analysis
■ Analyze the picture shown and how it defines sociology. (same goes with anthropology)
● Developmental Activity
○ Processing
○ Lecture/Discussion
● Closure Activity (Assessment)
Sociology, Anthropology, and Political Science
Sociology

· Etymologically, sociology is derived from the Latin word “socius” means

“companion” or “associate”, and the word “logos”, a Greek word for “study”.
· The science that deals with the society and the social interactions taking
place therein.
The main concern of sociology is sociological analysis. It means that sociology
seeks to provide an analysis of human society and culture with a sociological
perspective.
Branches or Subfields of Sociology

1. Social Organization
2. Social Psychology
3. Social Change
4. Human Ecology
5. Population Studies
6. Applied Sociology
SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

•studies that involve social structure such as institutions, groups,

social stratification, social mobility and ethnic groups
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

•the study of the impact of group life to a person’s nature and

personality
SOCIAL CHANGE

•inquires on the shift in social and cultural interactions and

the interruption of its process through delinquency, deviance
and conflicts.
•study of change in culture and social relations and
disruptions that may occur in the society
•social disorganization may result to antisocial behavior,
suicide, divorce and criminal activity
HUMAN ECOLOGY

•studies that relate human behavior to existing social institutions

•study of nature and behavior of a given population
•relationships between people and their environment
POPULATION STUDIES

•the interrelationship between population characteristics and

dynamics with that of a political, economic and social system
•study of population number, composition, change and quality
APPLIED SOCIOLOGY

•uses sociological research and methods to solve contemporary

problems
Anthropology

· Etymologically, the word anthropology is taken from two Greek words

“Anthropos” which means “man” or “human being” and “logos” or “logia”
which means “to study”.
· It is the scientific study of man or human being.
· It has been defined as the branch of knowledge which deals with the
scientific study of man, his works, his body, his behavior and values, in time and
space, physical, social and cultural development and behavior of human beings
since their appearance on earth.
Branches or Subfields of Anthropology

1. Physical Anthropology
2. Cultural Anthropology
3. Archaeology
4. Linguistics
PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

The subject matter of biological, or physical, anthropology is human biological

diversity in time and space. The focus on biological variation unites five special
interests within biological anthropology:
1. Human evolution as revealed by the fossil record (paleoanthropology).
2. Human genetics.
3. Human growth and development.
4. Human biological plasticity.
5. The biology, evolution, behavior, and social life of monkeys, apes, and other
nonhuman primates.
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY

1. Cultural anthropology is the study of human society and culture, the subfield
that describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural
similarities and differences.
2. Ethnography provides an account of a particular community, society, or
culture. During ethnographic fieldwork, the ethnographer gathers data that
he or she organizes, describes, analyzes, and interprets to build and present
that account, which may be in the form of a book, article, or film.
3. It is important to keep in mind that cultures are not isolated. People
everywhere increasingly participate in regional, national, and world events.
4. Ethnology examines, interprets, analyzes, and compares the results of
ethnography—the data gathered in different societies.
ARCHAEOLOGY

1. Archaeological anthropology (more simply, "archaeology") reconstructs,

describes, and interprets human behavior and cultural patterns through
material remains.
2. Many archaeologists examine paleoecology. Ecology is the study of
interrelations among living things in an environment. Paleoecology
looks at the ecosystems of the past.
3. Archaeologists are not limited to reconstructing the past. They also
study the cultures of historical and even living peoples.
LINGUISTIC

1. Linguistic anthropology studies language in its social and cultural

context, across space and over time.
2. Historical linguistics considers variation in time, such as the
changes in sounds, grammar, and vocabulary between Middle
English (spoken from approximately A.D. 1050 to 1550) and
modern English.
3. Sociolinguistics investigates relationships between social and
linguistic variation.
Resources:

● Abulencia, A. S. and Padernal, R. S. 2016. Social Dynamics: A Worktext on Understanding

Culture, Society, and Politics. Quezon City: Brilliant Creations Publishing Inc.

● De Guzman, J. M., Peña, R. F. O., and Aquino, E. C. Understanding Culture, Society, and
Politics. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc.

● Lanuza, G. M., and Raymundo, S. S. Understanding, Culture, Society, and Politics. Sampaloc,
Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.

● San Juan, W. R. and Centeno, M. L. J. 2017. Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics.
Mandaluyong City: Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Online Resource:

● http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0073531049/student_view0/chapter1/chapter_outline.htm
l

● https://anthropology.osu.edu/grad/fields

● https://anthropology.ua.edu/anthropology-programs-at-ua/subdisciplines/