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Destination
COMMUNICATION
IS EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IMPORTANT? Why ?, Why not?
  Meaning is not found in
words…. But it is created by
people.
Let’s be alert!!!!!
 Warm up na itey!!!!!
 Form a group of Four to Five members.
 Create a two minute group presentation that reflects your understanding of communication
is about.
 Be Creative.
 5 minutes to prepare.
 2 minutes to present.
 Communication
 is a process of sharing and conveying messages or
information from one person to another within and across
channels, contexts, media, and cultures (McCornack,
2014).
 communication can be manifested
a. face-to-face interaction,
b. a phone conversation,
c. a group discussion, a meeting or interview, a letter
correspondence, a class recitation, and many others.
 Nature of Communication
 1. Communication is a process.
 2. Communication occurs between two or more people
(the speaker and the receiver).
 3. Communication can be expressed through written or
spoken words, actions (nonverbal), or both spoken words
and nonverbal actions at the same time.
 ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION
 Speaker
 the source of information or
message
 Message
 – the information, ideas, or
thoughts conveyed by the
speaker in words or in actions.
 Encoding
 – the process of converting the
message into words, actions, or
other forms that the speaker
understands
 Channel
the medium or the means, such as
personal or non-personal, verbal or
nonverbal, in which the encoded
message is conveyed
 Decoding

the process of interpreting the
encoded message of the
speaker by the receiver .
 Receiver
 – the recipient of the message, or
someone who decodes the
message
 Feedback
– the reactions, responses,
or information provided by
the receiver
 Context
 the environment where
communication takes place
 Barrier
 the factors that affect the
flow of communication
 Process of Communication
The speaker generates an idea.
The speaker encodes an
idea or converts the idea
into words or actions.
The speaker transmits or
sends out a message.
The receiver gets the
message.
The receiver decodes or
interprets the message
based on the context.
The receiver sends or
provides feedback.
FISH loves RIVER, her suitor, as a
. friend
She thinks of how to tell him using
their native language.
She tells him, “RiVER, mahal kita
bilang kaibigan.”
RiVER hears what FISH says.
He tries to analyze what she
means based on the content and
their relationship, and he is
heartbroken.
He frowns and does not say
something, because he is in pain.
Models of Communication
 1. Shannon-Weaver Model
 the mother of all communication models
 depicts communication as a linear or one-way process
 consist of five elements
 a source (producer of message)
 a transmitter (encoder of message into signals)
 a channel (signals adapted for transmission)
 a receiver (decoder of message from the signal
 a destination
This model has been criticized for missing one essential element in the communication process:

feedback.
 Transaction Model
 a two-way process with the inclusion of feedback as one element.
 this model is more interactive
Schramm Model.
 Functions of Communication

 1. Control – Communication functions to control behavior.

 2. Social Interaction – Communication allows individuals to interact with others.
 3. Motivation – Communication motivates or encourages people to live better.
 4. Emotional expression – Communication facilitates people’s expression of their feelings
and emotions.
 5. Information dissemination – Communication functions to convey information.
Features of Effective
Communication
7 C’S OF
COMMUNICATION
C_ M_ _ E _ _N _ _ S
COMPLETENESS
 Completeness

Does the communication

include all necessary
information ?
What is a complete communication?
 Completeness

Communication should include

everything that the receiver
needs to hear for him/ her to
respond, react, or evaluate
properly.
 Complete
communication is
essential to the quality
of the communication
process in general.
nescisescon
 CONCISENESS

Does the communication

include only necessary
information? Avoid
repetition
 CONSCISENESS

Conciseness does not mean

keeping the message short, but
making it direct or straight to
the point.
Cderanonsitio

o
n
 CONSIDERATION

Does the communication keep

the receiver in mind?
 CONSIDERATION

To be effective, the speaker should always consider relevant

information about his/her receiver such as
mood,
background,
race,
preference,
education,
status, and
needs, among others.
Cessonncrete
 CONCRETENESS

Is the communication specific

and definite?
 CONCRETENESS

Effective communication happens when the

message is concrete and supported by facts,
figures, and real-life examples and situations. In
this case, the receiver is more connected to the
message conveyed.
Crtesyou
 COURTESY

Is communication sincere and

polite? Think about readers
feelings.
 COURTESY

The speaker shows courtesy in communication by

respecting the culture, values, and beliefs of
his/her receivers.
Being courteous at all times creates a positive
impact on the audience.
earclsnes
 CLEARNESS

Is the communication easy to

understand? Simple words.
 CLEARNESS

Clearness in communication implies the use of

simple and specific words to express ideas.
It is also achieved when the speaker focuses only
on a single objective in his/her speech so as not to
confuse the audience.
Cctneorress
 CORRECTNESS

Is the communication accurate?

 CORRECTNESS

Correctness in grammar eliminates negative impact

on the audience and increases the credibility and
effectiveness of the message.
 BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION
3. Communication barriers
External
• Noise
• Time
• Environment
Internal
• Physical (time, environment, comfort, needs etc.)
• Cultural (ethnic, religious, cultural and social differences)
• Perceptional ( perceptional differences)
• Motivational (lack of motivation)
• Experiential (lack of similar experience)
• Emotional (personal feelings at the moment)
• Linguistic (different languages or vocabulary)
• Non-verbal (non-word messages)
• Context (situation of the sector, the public space, attention -high / low)
• Mode (differences in way a message is sent).
 How to minimize communication barriers?
• Source (expertise and clarity about topic , information should be useful and accurate)
• Message (precise , based to receiver needs and understanding)
• Encoding (to prepare message to take consideration potential sources of confusion, for example,
cultural issues, mistaken assumptions, and missing information)
• Channel (to choose right channel for message communication- verbal including face-to-face
meetings, telephone and videoconferencing; and written including letters, emails, memos and reports)
• Decoding Just as successful encoding is a skill, so is successful decoding (involving, for example,
taking the time to read a message carefully, or listen actively to it.)
• Receiver (each individual member of audience enters into the communication process with ideas and
feelings that will influence their understanding of particular message, and their response)
• Feedback ( audience will provide verbal and nonverbal reactions to communicated
message. It is the only thing that allows to be confident
that audience has understood/misunderstood message)
• Context ( it may include the surrounding environment or
broader culture, i.e. corporate culture, international cultures, etc.)