Chapter 7 Solutions

7.4
Percent Concentration

1
Percent Concentration

The concentration of a solution

is the amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of

solution.

amount of solute
amount of solution

2
Mass Percent

Mass percent (%m/m) is the

• concentration is the percent by mass of solute
in a solution.
mass percent = g of solute x 100
g of solute + g of solvent

• amount in g of solute in 100 g of solution.

mass percent = g of solute x 100
100 g of solution

3
Mass of Solution

Add water to
give 50.00 g
8.00 g KCl solution

50.00 g KCl
solution

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

4
Calculating Mass Percent

The calculation of mass percent (%m/m) requires the

• grams of solute (g KCl) and
• grams of solution (g KCl solution).
g of KCl = 8.00 g
g of solvent (water) = 42.00 g
g of KCl solution = 50.00 g

8.00 g KCl (solute) x 100 = 16.0% (m/m)

50.00 g KCl solution

5
Learning Check

A solution is prepared by mixing 15.0 g Na2CO3 and

235 g of H2O. Calculate the mass percent (%m/m) of
the solution.

1) 15.0% (m/m) Na2CO3

2) 6.38% (m/m) Na2CO3
3) 6.00% (m/m) Na2CO3

6
Solution

3) 6.00% (m/m) Na2CO3

STEP 1 mass solute = 15.0 g Na2CO3
mass solution = 15.0 g + 235 g = 250. g
STEP 2 Use g solute/ g solution ratio
STEP 3 mass %(m/m) = g solute x 100
g solution
STEP 4 Set up problem
mass %(m/m) = 15.0 g Na2CO3 x 100 = 6.00% Na2CO3
250. g solution

7
Volume Percent

The volume percent (%v/v) is

• percent volume (mL) of solute (liquid) to volume (mL) of

solution.
volume % (v/v) = mL of solute x 100
mL of solution
• solute (mL) in 100 mL of solution.
volume % (v/v) = mL of solute
100 mL of
solution

8
Mass/Volume Percent

The mass/volume percent (%m/v) is

• percent mass (g) of solute to volume (mL) of solution.

mass/volume % (m/v) = g of solute x 100
mL of solution
• solute (g) in 100 mL of solution.
mass/volume % (m/v) = g of solute
100
mL of solution

9
Percent Conversion Factors

Two conversion factors can be written for each type

of % value.

TABLE 7.7

5% (m/v) glucose There are 5 g of glucose 5 g glucose and 100 mL

solution
in 100 mL of solution. 100 mL solution 5 g glucose

10
Learning Check

Write two conversion factors for each solutions.

A. 8.50% (m/m) NaOH

B. 5.75% (v/v) ethanol

C. 4.8% (m/v) HCl

11
Solution

A. 8.50 g NaOH and 100 g solution

100 g solution 8.50 g NaOH

B. 5.75 mL alcohol and 100 mL solution

100 mL solution 5.75 mL alcohol

C. 4.8 g HCl and 100 mL HCl

100 mL solution 4.8 g HCl

12
Using Percent Concentration (m/m)
as Conversion Factors
How many grams of NaCl are needed to prepare
225 g of a 10.0% (m/m) NaCl solution?
STEP 1 Given: 225 g solution; 10.0% (m/m) NaCl
Need: g of NaCl
STEP 2 g solution g NaCl
STEP 3 Write the 10.0% (m/m) as conversion factors.
10.0 g NaCl and 100 g solution
100 g solution 10.0 g NaCl
STEP 4 Set up using the factor that cancels g solution.
225 g solution x 10.0 g NaCl = 22.5 g NaCl
100 g solution

13
Learning Check

How many grams of NaOH are needed to prepare

75.0 g of 14.0% (m/m) NaOH solution?

1) 10.5 g NaOH
2) 75.0 g NaOH
3) 536 g NaOH

14
Solution

1) 10.5 g NaOH
75.0 g solution x 14.0 g NaOH = 10.5 g NaOH
100 g solution
14.0% (m/m) factor

15
Learning Check

How many milliliters of a 5.75% (v/v) ethanol

solution can be prepared from 2.25 mL
ethanol?

1) 2.56 mL
2) 12.9 mL
3) 39.1 mL

16
Solution

3) 39.1 mL

2.25 mL ethanol x 100 mL solution

5.75 mL ethanol
5.75% (v/v) inverted

= 39.1 mL solution

17
Using Percent Concentration(m/v)
as Conversion Factors
How many mL of a 4.20% (m/v) will contain 3.15 g KCl?

STEP 1 Given: 3.15 g KCl(solute); 4.20% (m/v) KCl

Need: mL of KCl solution
STEP 2 Plan: g KCl mL KCl solution
STEP 3 Write conversion factors.
4.20 g KCl and 100 mL solution
100 mL solution 4.20 g KCl
STEP 4 Set up the problem
3.15 g KCl x 100 mL KCl solution = 75.0 mL KCl
4.20 g KCl

18
Learning Check

How many grams of NaOH are needed to prepare 125

mL of a 8.80% (m/v) NaOH solution?

19
Solution

How many grams of NaOH are needed to prepare 125

mL of a 8.80% (m/v) NaOH solution?

125 mL solution x 8.80 g NaOH = 11.0 g NaOH

100 mL solution

20