STRENGTHENING OF POST –TENSION

BEAMS BY ARAMID FRP WRAPPING

Submitted by
YOGEESHAPPA B R

(1BI12CSE18)

Under the guidance of

VATHSALA
Asst. Professor
Dept. of Civil Engineering.
BIT. Bangalore
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Literature review
3. Objectives of the study
4. Materials and properties
5. References
 INTRODUCTION
Generally prestressed concrete members are used for construction of
long span bridges.
These prestressed concrete (PSC) members are need to be upgraded
for various reason.
In some cases complete replacement and construction of bridges are
not economical and it is not feasible.
In such circumstances strengthening is most economical rather than
the complete replacement and reconstruction.
 Reasons for upgradation
Loss of prestress due to impact loading.
Loss of prestress due to moving load.
Loss of prestress due to construction error.
Loss of prestress due to increase of traffic density.
Strengthening technique
Ferro-cement wrapping technique.
External plate bonding technique.
External pre-stressing cables technique.
FRP wrapping techniques
Aramid FRP wrapping technique
GFRP wrapping technique
CFRP wrapping technique
Steel FRP wrapping technique
Reasons to select Aramid FRP composite

High heat resistance.

High strength to weight ratio.
High Young’s modulus of elasticity.
Corrosion resistance.
Fatigue resistance.
Ease of handling.
Ease of transportation.
Di Ludovico,
LITERATURE REVIEW A. Prota, G. Manfredi and E. Cosenza(2010)

They conducted experiment on five girders, in which one controlled girder other
four are intently damaged (17% two and 33% two specimen)
The girders were strengthened with externally bonded CFRP sheet by wet
manual layup technique.
He aimed restoring the ultimate flexural capacity, reducing the deflection and
strain .
Results were compared with control girders.
The flexural moment capacity of strengthened PSC girders maximum moment
recover equal to about 12 and 16% for specimens with 17 and 33% of strands
loss, respectively.
CFRP sheets increased stiffness
Owen Rosenboom, Tare K. Hassan, Sami Rizkalla,(2007)

The research program involved the testing of eight prestressed

concrete C-channal bridge girders under static loading conditions.
Two girders were controlled specimen, six strengthened with
various CFRP systems. In that two were strengthened by CFRP
strands, strips by near surface mounted system, other two by
CFRP sheet.
From the experimental investigation, the ultimate flexural
capacity of PSC member increased substantially using CFRP
material and CFRP sheet were much more effective and also
reduced the crack width.
 M. M. Dawood, O. A. Rosenboom and S. H. Rizkalla (2006)
The experimental program involved testing of five girders, where
one controlled girder, other two were strengthened by different
modulus CFRP sheet in three layer and five layer.
Girders were tested both static and fatigue loading conditions.
Girders were strengthened by three layer of normal modulus
CFRP sheet and increase about 72.3 % ultimate load caring
capacity (under static loading) was observed. And girders
strengthened by five layer high strength modulus CFRP , failed in
rupture of CFRP.
Owen Rosenboom, Tare K. Hassan, Sami Rizkalla.(2006)
This research program involved the testing of eight prestressed
concrete bridge girders under fatigue loading conditions.
From the experiment, CFRP materials reduced the stresses, controlled
the crack width, increased the overall stiffness and load caring
capacity.

Kyle H. Larson, Robert J. Peterman and Hayder A. Rasheed (2005)

This research program involved the testing of five prestressed concrete
bridge girders under fatigue loading conditions.
The girders were strengthened with CFRP sheet (two normal and two
higher stress ) in single layer.
From the experiment, CFRP materials reduced the deflection and
increase load caring capacity.
 Casadei et al. (2006)
The beams were strengthened with CFRP bars and sheets.
CFRP bars increased the ductility of beams.
Both CFRP bar and sheets increased the ultimate load caring capacity of
beams.

Ronaldson, J. de F. M. Carneiro and Guilherme S. S. de A.

Melo (2011)
They did both experimental and analytical study of CFRP strengthened
girders.
The girders were strengthened by CFRP bars, strips and sheets.
They compared experimental results with analytical results.
CFRP sheets increased the ultimate load caring capacity than other two
system of strengthening.
 Summary of the literature review
Different types of CFRP (strands, strips, sheet) materials used for
strengthening programs.
Aramid fiber resembles CFRP properties. It has been the
pioneering project to compare the strength other wrapping has
been done so far.
Aramid sheets have much more advantages because , easy
installation, flexible with any shape of structure and higher tensile
modulus.
Form above literature study there were no comparative study with
different types of Aramid wrapping techniques .
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness of Aramid FRP wrapping in
strengthened beams as compared to controlled beams.
To study the flexural behavior of strengthened beam.
To study the load caring capacity of strengthened beams.
To study the ductile behavior of strengthened beam.
To study the cracking behavior of strengthened beam.
To study the failure modes of strengthened beam.
To suggest best wrapping technique .
MATERIALS
Cement
Coarse aggregate
Fine aggregate
Admixture
Steel reinforcement
Nominal steel
High tensile steel
Water
Aramid fabric
Epoxy resin
Nitowrap 30 (primer)
Nitowrap 410 ( saturant)
 Properties of carbon fabric

Properties Nitrowrap EP (CF 230)

Fiber orientation Uni-directional
Weight of fiber (g/m2) 230
Fiber thickness (mm) 0.131
Ultimate elongation (percentage) 21
Primary fiber tensile strength 4900
(N/mm2)

Tensile modulus (N/mm2) 2.3X105

 TEST SPECIMEN

CONTROLLED BEAMS STRENGTHENED

(3 NOS) BEAMS (12 NOS)

CONTROLLED BEAMS AF-1, CFRP WITH BOTTOM TOTAL LENGTH

CBF-2, CBF-3 WRAPPING BTL-1, BTL-2, BTL-3

CFRP WITH U-STRIP TOTAL LENGTH

WRAPPING STL-1, STL-2, STL-3

CFRP WITH U-FLEXURE LENGTH

WRAPPING UFZ-1, UFZ-2, UFZ-3

CFRP WITH U-FULL LENGTH WRAPPING

UTL-1, UTL-2, UTL-3
 CASTING OF BEAMS
Weigh the materials according to mix design.
Coarse aggregate, sand and cement are dry mixed first then add
70% of water, mixed thoroughly and remaining 30% of water
added to concrete with plasticizer and mixed thoroughly.
Pore the concrete into formwork.
Compact the concrete in three layer, here we used needle vibrate
for compaction.
Finish the surface by trowel.
Casted the cube when each beams were casted.
Removed the form work carefully after 24 hour .
Cured concrete beams up to 28 days.
 REFERENCES

M. Di Ludovico, A. Prota, G. Manfredi, and E. Cosenza, “FRP Strengthening of Full-

Scale PC Girders”, ASCE Journal of Composites for Construction, Vol. 14, No. 5, Sept-
October 2010 , pp: 510-520.
Owen Rosenboom, Tare K. Hassan, Sami Rizkalla, “Flexural behavior of aged
prestressed concrete girders strengthened with various FRP systems”, Construction and
Building Materials Elsevier Ltd-2007, pp: 764-776.
Owen Rosenboom, and Sami Rizkalla “Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Strengthened
with Various CFRP Systems Subjected to Fatigue Loading” ASCE Journal of
Composites for Construction, Vol. 10, No.6, December 2006, pp: 492-506
M.M Dawood, A.O.Rosen Boom and Rizkalla, “Repair And Strengthening Of Highway
Bridge With FRP”, International Conference On Bridge Management System
Monitoring Assessment And Rehabilitation- Egypt, 21-23 March 2006.
Casadei P, Galati N., Boschetto G, Tan K.Y., Nanni, A. Galecki, G. “Strengthening of
Impacted Prestressed Concrete Bridge I-Girder Using Prestressed Near Surface
Mounted C-FRP Bars”, Proceeding of 2 ndinternational congress. section -2, FRP
reinforcement for new and existing structures –Italy, June 5-8, 2006 .
Kyle H. Larson, Robert J. Peterman., and Hayder A. Rasheed, “Strength-Fatigue
Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strengthened Prestressed Concrete T-
Beams”,ASCE Journal of Composites for Construction, Vol. 9, No. 4, July-August
2005, Pg: 313-326.
Ronaldson J. de F. M. Carneiro, and Guilherme S. S. de A. Melo, “Analytical Model for
CFRP-Strengthened Prestressed Concrete Girders Subject to Cyclic Loading”, ASCE
Journal of Composites for Construction, Vol. 15, No. 5, Sept- October 2011, Pg: 871-
874.
Gordon Clark and Chairman Gifford., “A Review Of The Development Of Prestressed
Concrete” UK , Gordon. Clark @ Gifford.uk.com
Benjamin Tang, “Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Applications in USA”,First
Korea/U.S.A. Road Workshop Proceedings,-USA., January 28-29, 1997.
Bakis, Bank, Brown, Cosenza, Davalos, Lesko, Machida, Rizkalla and Triantafillou,
“Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites for Construction—State-of-the-Art
Review”,ASCE Journal of Composites for Construction, Vol. 6, No. 2, MAY 2002, pp:
73-87.
Marco De Ludovico, “Experimental behavior of prestressed concrete beams
strengthened with FRP”,Center For Infrastructure Engineering Studies University of
Missiouri- Rolla,2001-02
 Codes referred

IS: 2386(part-1)-1963: Methods of test for aggregates for concrete.

IS: 2386(part-3)-1963: Methods of test for aggregates for concrete ( specific gravity, density, voids,
absorption and bulking)
IS: 12269-1987: Specification for 53 grade ordinary Portland cement.
IS: 4031(part-2)-1988: Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement.
IS: 4031(part-4)-1988: Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement (determination of consistency
of standard cement paste)
IS: 456-2000, Plain And Reinforced Concrete - Code Of Practice.
IS: 1343 – 1980, Code Of Practice For Prestressed Concrete.
ACI 318M-08,Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318M-08) and Commentary.
IS: 10262:2009, Recommended Guidelines For Concrete Mix Design.
IS: 383-1970,Specification For Course And Fine Aggregates From Natural Sources For Concrete.
ACI 440.2R-2002,Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for
strengthening concrete structures.
 Books referred

N KrishanaRaju, “Prestressed concrete”, Tata McGraw-Hill, Fourth

ediction,2009.
T N Lin. And Ned H. Burns Design of prestressed concrete structures”, John
Willy & Sons Inc., Third Eduction,2002
M S Shetty, “Concrete Technology”, S Chanda & company Ltd., First multi-
coloured edition., 2005
Thank You