ISOLATION

AMPLIFIER
• Amplifier-this is an electronic component that can increase the power
of a signal(a time varying voltage or current).
• It is a two port electronic circuit that uses electric power from a power
supply to increase the amplitude of a signal applied to its input
terminals, producing a proportionally greater amplitude signal at its
output, Also the amount of amplification provided by an amplifier is
measured by its gain (the ratio of output voltage, current or power to
input)
• An Amplifier is a circuit that has a power gain than one.
• Amplification refers to the increase in amplitude(voltage or current)
of a time-varying signal by a given factor.
Isolation amplifier is a form of differential amplifier that allow
measurement of small signals in presence of high common mode voltage
by providing electrical isolation and an electrical safety barrier also act as
an op-amp circuit which provides isolation of one part of a circuit from
another so that the power is not used, drawn or wasted in part of the
circuit.
Isolation amplifier is the type of amplifier that is used to isolate the circuit
which appears before the amplifier from the circuit that appears after it.
They protect data acquisition components from common mode voltages
which are potential differences between instrument ground and signal
ground. Instrument that are applied in the presence of a common mode
voltage without an isolation barrier allow ground currents to circulates,
leading in the best case to noisy representation of a signal under
investigation. In the worst case, assuming that the magnitude of a common
mode voltage or current is sufficient, instrument destruction is likely.
• Amplifiers with an isolation barrier allow the front end of the
amplifier to float with respect to common mode voltage to the limit of
the barrier’s breakdown voltage, which often 1000 volts or more, This
action protects the amplifier and the instrument connected to it while
still allowing a reasonably accurate measurement
These amplifier are also used for amplifying low- level signals in
multi-channel applications. They can also eliminate measurement
errors caused by ground loops.
Isolation amplifiers are commercial available as hybrid intergraded circuits made
by several manufactures. There are three methods of providing isolation.
A transformer-isolated amplifier: relies on transformer coupling of a high-
frequency carrier signal between input and output.
Some models also include a transformer isolated power supply, that may also be
used to power external signal processing devices on the isolated side of the system.
The isolation amplifier contains a voltage-to-frequency converter connected
through a transformer to a frequency-to-voltage converter. The isolation between
input and output is provided by the insulation on the transformer windings.

An optically-isolated amplifier: modulates current through an LED opt couple.

.

The third strategy is to use small capacitors to couple a modulated high frequency
carrier. The capacitor can stand off large DC or power frequency, AC voltages but
provide coupling for the much higher frequency carrier signal.
 HOW DOES AN ISOLATION AMPLIFIER ACHIEVE ISOLATION?

An isolation amplifier is a device with a very high input impedance. This high input impedance
is what it causes isolation.
When a circuit has a very high input impedance , very little current is drawn from the circuit. If
you remember the ohms law, that I=V/R. thus, the great the resistance, the less current is drawn
from the power source. Thus an isolation amplifier being of a high resistance ,does not cause
any significant amount of current to be drawn from the power. It draws very little current , thus,
practically no current is dawn and transferred from the first part of the circuit to the second.
Thus, the isolation amplifier serves as an isolation device from one part of to circuit the next or
of different circuit.
Isolation amplifiers serves as buffers.
Note:
Isolation amplifiers they do not amplify signals but serve to isolate parts of circuits or different
circuits from each other.
Note:
Isolation amplifiers they do not amplify signals but serve to isolate parts of circuits or different circuits
from each other.
Note:
Isolation amplifiers they do not amplify signals but serve to isolate parts of circuits or different circuits
from each other.
Note:
Isolation amplifiers they do not amplify signals but serve to isolate parts of circuits or different circuits
from each other.
Note:
Isolation amplifiers they do not amplify signals but serve to isolate parts of circuits or different circuits
from each other.
THANK YOU