Mobile network

layer- Mobile IP

Mrs. C. Tamil Selvi., b.e., m.tech., (pH.d)

Assistant professor / Department of IT
Dr. MGR educational and research institute
Overview of the presentation

►What is Mobile IP ?
►Requirements for Mobile IP
►Entities and Terminology
►IP Packet Delivery
►Agent Discovery
►Registration
►Tunneling
►Encapsulation
►Types of encapsulation
►Reverse Tunneling
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BIT17005 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Mrs. C.TAMILSELVI
A.P , Dept of IT
 What is Mobile IP ?
• It adds mobility support to the internet network
layer protocol IP

• IP is the common base for thousands of applications

and runs over dozens of different networks.

• This is the reason for supporting mobility at the IP

layer
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BIT17005 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Mrs. C.TAMILSELVI
A.P , Dept of IT
 Requirements for Mobile IP
COMPATIBILITY
 No changes to current hosts, OS, routers
 Mobile end-systems can communicate with fixed
systems
TRANSPARENCY
 Mobile end-systems keep IP address
 Continuous service after link interruption
EFFICIENCY AND SCALABILITY
 Only few additional messages to mobile system (low
bandwidth)
 Global support for large number of mobile systems
SECURITY 4

 Authentication of all registration messages

BIT17005 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Mrs. C.TAMILSELVI
A.P , Dept of IT
 Entities and
Mobile Node (MN)

Terminology
Laptop, PDA, etc.. that may move about
Home Agent (HA)
 Router in home network of the MN, helps in forwarding
 registers current MN location, tunnels IP datagrams to COA

Foreign Agent (FA)

 Router in current foreign network of MN
 forwards tunneled datagrams to the MN

Care-of Address (COA)

 The COA defines the current location of the MN from an IP point of
view.
 All IP packets sent to the MN are delivered to the COA, not directly
to the IP address of the MN
 The COA marks the tunnel endpoint, i.e., the address where packets
exit the tunnel.
Correspondent Node (CN) 5

 Node that wants to communicate with MN BIT17005 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Mrs. C.TAMILSELVI
A.P , Dept of IT
 Example network

HA
MN

router mobile end-system

Internet
home network
FA
foreign
(physical home network network
for the MN)
router
(current physical
network for the MN)
CN
6
end-system router BIT17005 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Mrs. C.TAMILSELVI
A.P , Dept of IT
 IP Packet Delivery

1. Sender sends to the IP address of MN, HA intercepts packet

2. HA tunnels packet to COA by encapsulation
3. FA forwards the packet to MN
4. Reverse: Sender sends to IP address of receiver, FA is default
7

router
BIT17005 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Mrs. C.TAMILSELVI
A.P , Dept of IT
 Agent Discovery

Agent advertisement

 Agent solicitation

BIT17005 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Mrs. C.TAMILSELVI
A.P , Dept of IT
 Registration
 MN signals COA to the HA via the FA, HA
acknowledges
 Messages need to be secured by authentication

Registration of a mobile node via the FA

9
or
directly with the HA
BIT17005 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Mrs. C.TAMILSELVI
A.P , Dept of IT
 Tunneling
The mechanisms used for forwarding packets
between the HA and the COA
A tunnel establishes a virtual pipe for data
packets between a tunnel entry and a tunnel
endpoint.
Packets entering a tunnel are forwarded inside
the tunnel and leave the tunnel unchanged.
Tunneling is achieved by using encapsulation.
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BIT17005 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Mrs. C.TAMILSELVI
A.P , Dept of IT
 Encapsulation
• Encapsulation is the mechanism of taking a
packet consisting of packet header and data
and putting it into the data part of a new
packet.

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BIT17005 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Mrs. C.TAMILSELVI
A.P , Dept of IT
 Types of
IP-in-IP encapsulation - Mandatory for mobile IP is
encapsulation
IP-in-IP encapsulation
Minimal encapsulation - Redundant fields are
removed.
Generic routing encapsulation – supports other
network layer protocols in addition to IP. It allows the
encapsulation of packets of one protocol suite into the
payload portion of a packet of another protocol suite

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BIT17005 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Mrs. C.TAMILSELVI
A.P , Dept of IT
 Reverse Tunneling
 The return path from the MN to the CN

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BIT17005 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Mrs. C.TAMILSELVI
A.P , Dept of IT
 Recap
►What is Mobile IP ?
►Requirements for Mobile IP
►Entities and Terminology
►IP Packet Delivery
►Agent Discovery
►Registration
►Tunneling
►Encapsulation
►Types of encapsulation
►Reverse Tunneling
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BIT17005 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Mrs. C.TAMILSELVI
A.P , Dept of IT
 y ou
an k
T h
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BIT17005 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Mrs. C.TAMILSELVI
A.P , Dept of IT