Nanocomposite

by
by
Awadhesh
Awadhesh Kumar
Kumar Verma
Verma
M.Tech
M.TechNanoscience
Nanoscience 2019-21
2019-21
Registration
RegistrationNo:
No:12010227488(06-08-2019)
12010227488(06-08-2019)
Special
Special Centre
Centre for
for Nanoscience
Nanoscience
Jawaharlal
Jawaharlal Nehru
Nehru University,
University, New
New Delhi-67
Delhi-67
(( aa Central
Central University)
University)
Under
UnderThe
The Supervision
Supervision of
of

Dr. P. R. Solanki
partima@mail.jnu.ac.in
partima@mail.jnu.ac.in

17-Nov-2019 1
 Introduction: What is Nanocomposite ʔ

Nanocomposite

Composite
Nano Something in combination

Nanocomposite is a hetrogenous combination of two or more

materials with different properties in which at least one of the
material is in nanoscale.
Nano composite is a composite which has nano sized
ingredient (0-D, 1-D, 2-D or 3-D nanomaterial) mixed with
multiphase materials but not forming a compound of specific
stoichiometry rather we can vary stoichiometry of two or
more materials which are immiscible to each other. 2
 Introduction: What is Nanocomposite ʔ
Developing such nanocomposite is an effort to blend the best
properties of materials to create an efficient material with unique
properties and big design opportunities
Typically consists of a macroscopic matrix or host with the addition of
nanometer-sized particulates or filler
Filler may be:
 0 D (nano-particles, quantum dots),
 1 D (nano-wires, nano-tubes),
 2 D (quantum wells, thin film coatings ), or
 3 D (co-polymers, embedded networks)
1. e.g. CNTs in a polymer matrix
2. e.g. mixture of sodium chloride and titanium dioxide

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 Introduction: What is Nanocomposite ʔ
Developing such nanocomposite is an effort to blend the best
properties of materials to create an efficient material with unique
properties and big design opportunities.
Resulting nanocomposite may often exhibit enhanced properties
than the individual entities.
 Electrical,
 Magnetic,
 Electrochemical,
 Catalytic,
 Optical,
 Structural, and
 Mechanical properties
The multifunctional behavior for any specific property of the
material is often more than the sum of the individual components. 4
 Introduction: What is Nanocomposite ʔ
Typically consists of a macroscopic matrix or host with the addition of
nanometer-sized particulates or filler
Filler may be: Dispersing materials into the polymer.
Here we can keep in mind we can vary the property by changinging the
concentration of either of them.
 0 D (nano-particles, quantum dots),
 1 D (nano-wires, nano-tubes),
 2 D (quantum wells, thin film coatings),
 3 D (co-polymers, embedded networks).
1. e.g. CNTs in a polymer matrix
2. e.g. mixture of sodium chloride and titanium dioxide

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 Introduction: What is Nanocomposite ʔ

Typical agglomeration of carbon nanotubes. Dispersion of CNT in chitosan

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Classification of Nanocomposite ʔ

Ceramic
Metal
Polymer
natural

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Classification of Biological Nanocomposite

Entirely inorganic

Entirely organic

Mixture of inorganic and organic materials

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Applications of Nanocomposite

1. NATURAL NANOCOMPOSITE
MATERIALS Example of nanoscale materials in
Natural composite materials with structure
on the nanoscale
biology:
Lipid membranes
Ion channels
2. BIOMIMETIC Proteins
NANOCOMPOSITES DNA
Synthetic nanocomposite materials formed Actin filaments
through processes that mimic biology as
closely as possible
Spider silk many more etc.

3. BIOLOGICALLY INSPIRED
NANOCOMPOSITES
• Composite materials with nanoscale order created through processes that are inspired by a biological
process or a biological material.
• Without attempting to mimic or directly copy the mechanism of formation of the biological materials
 Natural Nanocomposite
Nacre(Mother-of-Pearl):Best example of bottom up approach of
Abalone Shell fabricated natural nanocomposite materials that are much stronger and
tougher than man made materials. This is composed of about 95%
inorganic aragonite ( a mineral form of CaCO3) with only few percent of
organic biopolymer giving 1000 fold toughness from its constuent
materials

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Classification of Biological Nanocomposite

Sea urchin spine

A single crystal essentially composed of calcite,

containing only about 0.02% glycoproteins trapped
within the crystal lattice of the spine

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Classification of Biological Nanocomposite

Spider silk

Inside the spider, the silk precursor exists as a lyotropic liquid crystal that is approximately
50% silk.

As the silk is excreted, the protein molecules that make up silk fold and are aligned as
they approach and then pass through the spinneret, forming a complex insoluble
nanostructured fiber.

In fact, not only is the spider silk made up of crystalline and amorphous regions, but the
crystalline regions are in turn composed of both highly oriented crystals and less oriented,12
but still crystalline, regions.
 Applications of Nanocomposite
Nanobiocomposites are of huge interest in application to biomedical technologies like
tissue engineering, repair of bone replacement of bone, dental and controlled drug
delivery.

Fig: Hierarchical structural organization of the natural bone

Rho J Y et.al."Mechanical properties and the hierarchical structure of bone" Medical

Engineering & Physics,1998,20(2):92-102
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 Applications of Nanocomposite

Fig: Schematic illustration for a self-assebly of HA/collaen nanocomposite graft

Murugan R et.al " Development of nanocomposites for bone grafting"

Composite Science and Technology , 2005,65(15-16):2385-2406
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 Applications of Nanocomposite

Schematic representation of the design of fusion proteins and their use in controlled silica
formation.
(A) Scheme of chimeric design with two functional domains:
silk and R5.
(B) Model of spider silk protein processing into films and fibers and silicification reactions on
the assembled materials. (Source: PNAS, National Academy of Sciences

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 Applications of Nanocomposite

Applications of Spider Silk

The production of spider silk is completely environmentally friendly.  It is made by
spiders at ambient temperature and pressure and is drawn from water.  

In addition, silk is completely biodegradable. If the production of spider silk ever

becomes industrially viable, make a diverse range of items such as:
Bullet-proof Jacket
Wear-resistant lightweight clothing
Ropes, nets, seat belts, parachutes
Rust-free panels on motor vehicles or boats
Biodegradable bottles
Bandages, surgical thread
Artificial tendons or ligaments, supports for weak blood vessel

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Classification of Biological Nanocomposite

Hydroxyapatite
95% by weight

Enamel - proteins
(Mainly amelogenin and enamelin) and
hydroxyapatite.

But the proteins removed as the tooth

develop.

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Thanks

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