GIS Application to urban

planning

The Last Lecture

 GIS – SOME DEFINITIONS
• GIS may include manual systems, however, it usually
refers to a computerised database system for capture,
storage, retrieval, analysis and display of spatial data
(Huxhold, 1991).

• GIS is capable of assisting the storage, retrieval and

manipulation of spatially referenced data such as street
address or a census tract (Nedovic-Budic, 1999).

• GIS is most useful when used to perform data analysis

(Lee and Wong, 2001, viii)
 GIS – SOME DEFINITIONS (cont.)

• application
– acts as a problem solving solution
– example: water pollution, traffic, land
management
 The History

• First developed in North America,

particularly the U.S. and Canada in the mid-
1960s
• Previously been used in natural resources
and environmental research
 GIS: OLD AND NEW

Traditional GIS

MANUAL DRAFING
MAP TYPEWRITER TOOLS

New GIS

COMPUTER PLOTTER CD-ROM

 THE NEED FOR GIS

• the real world has a lot of spatial data

– manipulation, analysis and modeling can be
effective and efficiently carried out with a GIS
• the neighborhood of the intended purchase of house
• the route for fire-fighting vehicles to the fire area
• location of historical sites to visit
• the earth surface for purposes of army
• rational decisions on space utilization
• fast and quality information in decision making
 ... THE NEED FOR GIS

 complexity of management
– due to the need to combine and process many
sets of data, in addition to judge as many as
possible, situation that might happen.
 intense competition
– the need to use technology in making decisions
and strategy in the world of intense competition.
 Urban Planning Applications of GIS

• GIS can be applied to many types of

problem. Among these are representatives
of both raster and vector data base
structures, both simple and complex
analytical models. Master planning
applications are one of them
 Urban Planning Applications of GIS

• GIS can also be helpful for the

documentation of spatial plans and in the
approval process for the development,
building and installation permits.
• GIS applied to a wide range of land
management and land use planning issues
including the interpretation and formulation
of land use policy.
 Urban Planning Applications of GIS

• Output in the form of maps showing areas in

which land-use changes are more likely to occur,
and statistics, graphs and tables summarizing this
information according to a variety of specified
spatial units. Such output allows land-use
implications to be discussed.
• The predicted land-use changes can also form
input for GIS-based impact assessment.
Urban Planning Applications of GIS
Urban Planning Applications of GIS
 A. DATA VISUALISATION

Which one do you prefer: tabular data or map data?

TABULAR DATA MAP

State Population (1991)

Karachi 2,074,297

1,304,800
Lahore
1,181,680
Quetta
504,502
Peshawar
 B. LOCATION
EAST
10 11 12

3
P

4
SOUTH

S
5
Y

1. WHERE IS OBJECTP?
ANSWER: P = 3Y SOUTH, 12X EAST

2. WHAT CAN BE FOUND AT A CERTAIN LOCATION ?

EXAMPLE: What can be found at 5x SOUTH, 11y EAST?
ANSWER: Y
 C. ATTRIBUTE QUESTION:

NO. AREA (HECTARE) OWNER TAX CODE MINERAL QUALITY

1 100,000 Zaman B HIGH
2 50,100 Bilal A MEDIUM
3 90,900 Qasim B LOW
4 40,800 Ahmed A LOW
5 120,200 Saqib B HIGH

1. ATRIBUTE EXPLANATION
EXAMPLE: WHAT IS THE ATTRIBUTE FOR ITEM 2?

2. WHERE A CERTAIN SENARIO MIGHT HAPPEN?

EXAMPLE: WHO HAS THE HIGHEST QUALITY OF MINERALS ?
….QUESTION: RELATIONAL DATABASE

NO. AREA (HECTARE) OWNER TAX CODE MINERAL QUALITY

1 100,000 Zaman B HIGH
2 50,100 Bilal A MEDIUM
3 90,900 Qasim B LOW
4 40,800 Ahmed A LOW
5 120,200 Saqib B HIGH

3. SELECTION OF AN AREA (ACCORDING TO RULES)

EXAMPLE: WHICH ITEM HAS
a) AREA >40,000 HECTARE
b) OWNER: NOT Ahmed
c) TAX CODE: B
d) MINERAL QUALITY: HIGH
QUESTION: PATTERN AND RELATIONSHIP
X Z Z
Y
X Y
Y
X
Z Z

1. IS OBJECT X IN THE PATTERN?

YES, IN THE FORM OF LINE, FROM NORTHWEST TO SOUTHEAST
IN THE FORM OF A LINE

2. IS THERE A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN X AND Y?

YES, Y IS ALWAYS NEAR X

3. WHAT OTHER SPATIAL PATTERN EXISTS?

OBJECT Z IS ALWAYS NEAR THE BORDERS AND ITS SIZE INCREASES
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT
 TREND QUESTION

A A B
B
C C D
1980 1990
1. WHAT ARE THE CHANGES FOR A,B AND C FROM 1980 TO 1990?
A: INCREASE IN SIZE
B: DECREASE IN SIZE AND CHANGE IN LOCATION
C: CHANGES IN SHAPE

2. WHAT HAS CHANGED SINCE 1980?

A AND B HAVE CHANGED IN SIZE
B RELOCATES
C CHANGES IN SHAPE
ADDITION OF ITEM D
 GIS AND OTHER INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
Information
Information
System
System

Non-spatial Spatial
Spatial
Information Information
Information
Systems Systems
Systems

Management Geographic
Geographic Other
Information Information
Information Types
Systems Systems
Systems (CAD/CAM)
 GIS
USES

VARIOUS DATA AND VARIOUS DATA

1 SOURCES FORMATS

DIGITAL TEXT TABULAR

2 MAPS IMAGE
PRODUCTS
GPS
DATA DATA

DATABASE

MAPS REPORTS

4 3 4
 GIS USAGE
• Data recall Geomdk_id: 252
Area: 147: 147.477900
Geodmk_: 640
Account_no: A0546142
Land Ownership
Owner: Daulat
Dr Daulat Khan No_k_p: 2224567
Bangsa: Pesh
Address: Pesh Univ
Poscode: 25000
No_geran: GM 125
No_lot: PTD 12201
Area: NWFP
Usage: RES
Floors: 01
Assesment: 89000.00
Rate: 25 LACKS
Tax: 22000
• Modeling
– predict information from data within the GIS
using a certain model

Population Density
Year 2010

- High
- Medium
- Low