RESERVOIR

ENGINEERING II
SATURATED RESERVOIRS
VOLUMETRIC SATURATED-OIL
RESERVOIRS
Assuming that the water and rock expansion term Ef,w is negligible in
comparison with the expansion of solution gas:

The graph should result in a straight line going through the origin with a
slope of N.
If the actual plot turns out to be nonlinear, then this deviation can itself be
diagnostic in determining the actual drive mechanisms in the reservoir.
FREE GAS FRACTION IN THE
RESERVOIR
Fraction of the total solution gas that has been retained in the
reservoir as a free gas

Fraction of the total initial gas in solution

FLUIDS SATURATION
The calculation of the changes in the fluid saturations with declining
reservoir pressure is an integral part of using the MBE.
RELATIVE PERMEABILITY RATIO
Once the reservoir pressure declines below the bubble-point pressure, it
is essential to perform the following tasks:
• Generating the pseudo-relative permeability ratio, krg/kro for the
entire reservoir or for individual wells’ drainage areas
• Assessing the solution gas driving efficiency
• Examining the field gas-oil ratio (GOR) as compared to the
laboratory solution gas solubility, Rs to define the bubble-point
pressure and critical gas saturation
RELATIVE PERMEABILITY RATIO
• For a reservoir with complete gravity segregation, it is possible to
generate a pseudo-relative permeability ratio, krg/kro
• A complete segregation means that the upper part of the reservoir
contains gas and immobile oil, that is, residual oil, Sor, while the
lower part contains oil and immobile gas that exists at critical
saturation, Sgc

(kro)gc = relative permeability to oil at critical gas saturation

(kgo)or = relative permeability to gas at residual oil saturation
FLUIDS SATURATION
Initial oil and water saturations at the bubble-point pressure, Soi
and Swi:

Oil saturation, So, at any pressure below pb is given by:

FLUIDS SATURATION
Ni = initial oil-in-place at pi, i.e., pi > pb, STB
Nb = initial oil-in-place at the bubble-point pressure, STB
NPb = cumulative oil production at the bubble-point pressure, STB
S’oi = oil saturation at pi, pi > pb
Soi = initial oil saturation at pb
S’wi = water saturation at pi, pi > pb
Swi = initial water saturation at pb
PROBLEM 1
The following PVT and production history data are available on an oil
reservoir in West Texas:
Original oil-in-place = 10 MMSTB
Initial water saturation = 22%
Initial reservoir pressure = 2496 psia
Bubble-point pressure = 2496 psi

The cumulative gas-oil ratio at 1,302 psi is recorded at 953 scf/STB.

Calculate:
Oil saturation, Volume of the free gas in the reservoir, Relative permeability ratio
(kg/ko) at 1,302 psia.
PROBLEM 2
A combination-drive reservoir contains 10 MMSTB of oil initially in
place. The ratio of the original gas-cap volume to the original oil
volume, i.e., m, is estimated as 0.25. The initial reservoir pressure is
3,000 psia at 150°F. The reservoir produced 1 MMSTB of oil, 1,100
MMscf of 0.8 specific gravity gas, and 50,000 STB of water by the time
the reservoir pressure dropped to 2,800 psi. The following PVT is
available:

a. Cumulative water influx

b. Net water influx
c. Primary driving indexes at 2,800 psi