The Movement Toward Objects

Chapter 16 (part 2)

Slide 1 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
UML (Unified Modelling Lang.)
Defines a set of nine object diagramming
techniques
The key building block is the use case
Diagrams are tightly integrated syntactically
and conceptually to represent an integrated
whole
Application of UML can vary among
organisations
Slide 2 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Use Case Diagram (reminder)

Slide 3 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Sequence Diagram

Slide 4 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Sequence Diagram Concepts
Illustrates the classes that participate in a use case
Shows the messages that pass between classes over
time for one use case
Can be a generic sequence diagram, but more
frequently one is drawn for a single scenario within
the use case
Design diagrams are implementation specific --
database objects or specific GUI components serve
as classes

Slide 5 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Sequence Diagram

Slide 6 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Steps in Creating a Sequence
Diagram
1. Identify classes
2. Add messages
3. Place lifeline and focus of control

Slide 7 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Syntax for Sequence Diagram

Slide 8 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Class Diagram

Slide 9 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Class Diagram Concepts
A static model that shows the classes and
relationships among classes that remain constant in
the system over time
Resembles the ERD, but depicts classes which
include both behaviours and states, while entities in
the ERD include only attributes
Scope not system wide, but pertaining to a single
use case

Slide 10 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Steps in Creating a Class Diagram
1. Identify classes
2. Identify attributes and operations
3. Draw relationships between classes

Slide 11 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Class Diagram for Manage
Appointment

Slide 12 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Class Diagram Syntax

Slide 13 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Method Types
Constructor methods create new instances of a class
Query methods determine the state of an object and
make information about that state available to the
system
Update methods will change the value of some or
all of the object’s attributes, resulting in a change of
state

Slide 14 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Multiplicity

Slide 15 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Association Class

Slide 16 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Aggregation and Generalisation
Associations

Slide 17 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Statechart Diagram

Slide 18 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Statechart Concepts
A dynamic model showing changes of state
of a single class over time in response to
events along with its responses and actions
Typically not used for all classes, but just to
help simplify the design of algorithms for
methods of complex classes

Slide 19 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Steps for Creating a Statechart
Diagram
1. Identify the states
2. Identify the transitions

Slide 20 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Syntax for Statechart Diagram

Slide 21 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Statechart Diagram for a Hospital
Patient

Slide 22 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Life of an Order

Slide 23 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Statechart Diagram for an Order

Slide 24 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Summary
Many organisations are moving to the use of object-
oriented techniques
Objects are grouped into classes that share common
properties and methods and arranged in a hierarchy
Objects communicate by sending messages which
trigger methods

Slide 25 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Summary
Major object-oriented modelling techniques
include:
Use case diagrams
Sequence diagrams
Class diagrams
Statechart diagrams

Slide 26 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.