Rayto RT-7300

Hematology Analyzer
 What is Hematology?
• A medical science that deals with the blood
and blood-forming organs.

What is Blood?
• A specialized bodily fluid that delivers
necessary substances such as nutrients
and oxygen to the cells and bringing away
waste products from all parts of the body.
 Blood Components

• Red Blood Cells (RBC)

- Also known as Erythrocytes
-Make up 40-50% of Blood Volume
- mature red blood cells are flexible biconcave disk
- Hemoglobin the transporting protein molecule makes
up 95% of RBC
- typically lives up to 120 days
 Illness of the Red Blood Cells
• Most people don't think about their red blood cells unless they
have a disease that affects these cells. Problems with red blood
cells can be caused by illnesses or a lack of iron or vitamins in
your diet. Some diseases of the red blood cells are inherited.
• Diseases of the red blood cells include many types of anemia.
This is a condition in which there are too few red blood cells to
carry enough oxygen throughout the body. People with anemia
may have red blood cells that have an unusual shape or
that look normal, larger than normal, or smaller than normal.
• Symptoms of anemia include tiredness, rapid heart rate , pale
skin, feeling cold, and, in severe cases, heart failure. Children
who don't have enough healthy red blood cells grow and
develop more slowly than other children. These symptoms
show how important red blood cells are to your daily life.
 Nutrition of the Red Blood Cells
• Foods rich in iron help you maintain healthy
red blood cells. Vitamins are also needed to
build healthy red blood cells. These include
vitamins B-2, B-12, and B-3, found in foods
such as eggs, whole grains, and bananas.
Folate also helps. It is found in in fortified
cereals, dried beans and lentils, orange juice,
and green leafy vegetables.
• Iron-deficiency anemia. If you don't have enough iron in your body, your
body won't be able to make enough red blood cells. Iron-deficiency
anemia is the most common form of anemia. Among the causes of iron
deficiency are a diet low in iron, a sudden loss of blood, a chronic loss of
blood (such as from heavy menstrual periods), or the inability to absorb
enough iron from food.
• Sickle cell anemia. In this inherited disease, the red blood cells are shaped
like half moons rather than the normal indented circles. This change in
shape can make the cells "sticky" and unable to flow smoothly through
blood vessels. This causes a blockage in blood flow. This may cause acute
or chronic pain. It can also lead to infection or organ damage. Sickle cells
die much more quickly than normal blood cells—in about 10 to 20 days
instead of 120 days. This causes a shortage of red blood cells.
• Normocytic anemia. This type of anemia happens when your red blood
cells are normal in shape and size, but you don't have enough of them to
meet your body's needs. Diseases that cause this type of anemia are
usually long-term conditions, like kidney disease, cancer, or rheumatoid
arthritis.
• Hemolytic anemia. This type of anemia happens
when red blood cells are destroyed by an abnormal
process in your body before their lifespan is over.
As a result, your body doesn't have enough red
blood cells to function. And, your bone marrow
can't make enough to keep up with demand.
• Fanconi anemia. This is a rare inherited disorder in
which your bone marrow isn't able to make enough
of any of the components of blood, including red
blood cells. Children born with this disorder often
have serious birth defects because of the problems
with their blood and may develop leukemia. 
• White Blood Cells (WBC)
- also called Leukocytes
- blood cells that fights infections
- subdivided into groups namely
Granulocytes, Monocytes and Lymphocytes
- Granulocytes is also subdivided: Neutrophil,
Basophil, Eosinophil
 Type of white blood cell Function

helps stop microorganisms in infections by

neutrophil eating them and destroying them with
enzymes

–uses antibodies to stop bacteria or viruses

from entering the body (B-cell lymphocyte)
lymphocyte –kills off the body’s cells if they’ve been
compromised by a virus or cancer cells (T-cell
lymphocyte)

becomes a macrophage in the body’s tissues,

eating microorganisms and getting rid of dead
monocyte cells while increasing immune system
strength

helps control inflammation, especially active

during parasite infections and allergic
eosinophil
reactions, stops substances or other foreign
materials from harming the body

produces enzymes during asthma attacks and

basophil
allergic reactions
•  increased percentage of neutrophils in your blood can mean that
you have:
• neutrophilia, a white blood cell disorder that can be caused by an
infection, steroids, smoking, or rigorous exercise
• an acute infection, especially a bacterial infection
• acute stress
• pregnancy
• inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel disease or rheumatoid
arthritis
• tissue injury due to trauma
• chronic leukemia
• A decreased percentage of neutrophils in your blood can indicate:
• neutropenia, a white blood cell disorder that can be caused by a
lack of neutrophil production in the bone marrow
• aplastic anemia, a decrease in the number of blood cells produced
by your bone marrow
• a severe or widespread bacterial or viral infection
• recent chemotherapy or radiation therapy treatments
• An increased percentage of lymphocytes in your blood may be
due to:
• lymphoma, a white blood cell cancer that starts in your lymph
nodes
• a chronic bacterial infection
• hepatitis
• multiple myeloma, a cancer of the cells in your bone marrow
• a viral infection, such as mononucleosis, mumps, or measles
• lymphocytic leukemia
• A decreased percentage of lymphocytes in your blood can be a
result of:
• bone marrow damage due to chemotherapy or radiation
treatments
• HIV, tuberculosis, or hepatitis infection
• leukemia
• a severe infection, such as sepsis
• an autoimmune disorder, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis
• A heightened percentage of monocytes in your blood can be caused by:
• chronic inflammatory disease, such as inflammatory bowel disease
• a parasitic or viral infection
• a bacterial infection in your heart
• a collagen vascular disease, such as lupus, vasculitis, or rheumatoid
arthritis
• certain types of leukemia
• An increased percentage of eosinophils in your blood can indicate:
• eosinophilia, which can be caused by allergic disorders, parasites, tumors,
or gastrointestinal (GI) disorders
• an allergic reaction
• skin inflammation, such as eczema or dermatitis
• a parasitic infection
• an inflammatory disorder, such as inflammatory bowel disease or celiac
disease
• certain cancers
• An increased percentage of basophils in your blood might be caused by:
• a serious food allergy
• inflammation
• leukemia
• Platelet
- also called thrombocytes
- are cell fragments without Nuclei that
work with blood clotting chemicals at the
site of wounds.
• The process of spreading across the surface of
a damaged blood vessel to stop bleeding is
called adhesion. This is because when
platelets get to the site of the injury, they
grow sticky tentacles that help them stick
(adhere) to one another. They also send out
chemical signals to attract more platelets. The
additional platelets pile onto the clot in a
process called aggregation.
• Platelets are made in your bone marrow along with your white and
red blood cells. Your bone marrow is the spongy center inside your
bones. Another name for platelets is thrombocytes. Healthcare
providers usually call a clot a thrombus. Once platelets are made
and circulated into your bloodstream, they live for 8 to 10 days.
• Under a microscope, a platelet looks like a tiny plate.
Your healthcare provider may do a blood test called a complete
blood count to find out if your bone marrow is making the right
number of platelets:
• A normal platelet count is 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per
microliter of blood.
• Your risk for bleeding develops if a platelet count falls below 10,000
to 20,000. When the platelet count is less than 50,000, bleeding is
likely to be more serious if you're cut or bruised. 
• Some people make too many platelets. They can have platelet
counts from 500,000 to more than 1 million.
What happens if your platelet count is high or low?

• thrombocytopenia. In this condition, your bone marrow makes too

few platelets. Or your platelets are destroyed. If your platelet count
gets too low, bleeding can occur under the skin as a bruise. Or it can
happen inside the body as internal bleeding. Or it can happen outside
the body through a cut that won't stop bleeding or from a nosebleed.
Thrombocytopenia can be caused by many conditions. These include
several medicines, cancer, liver disease, pregnancy, infections, and an
abnormal immune system.
• Essential thrombocythemia. In this condition, your bone marrow
makes too many platelets. People with this condition may have
platelet counts of more than 1 million. Symptoms can include blood
clots that form and block blood supply to the brain or the heart.
Doctors don't know what causes this type of thrombocythemia.
• Secondary thrombocytosis. This is another condition caused by too
many platelets. Secondary thrombocytosis is more common. It is not
caused by a bone marrow problem. Instead, another disease or
condition stimulates the bone marrow to make more platelets. Causes
include infection, inflammation, some types of cancer, and reactions
to medicines. Symptoms are usually not serious. The platelet count
goes back to normal when the other condition gets better.
• Platelet dysfunction. Many rare diseases are linked to poor platelet
function. This means the number of platelets is normal, but the
platelets don't work as they should. Medicines such as aspirin can
cause this. It's important to know which medicines affect platelets.
Know that while taking these medicines you have an increased risk of
bleeding. 
 Hemoglobin
• is a protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen to your
body's organs and tissues and transports carbon dioxide
from your organs and tissues back to your lungs.
• If a hemoglobin test reveals that your hemoglobin level is
lower than normal, it means you have a low red blood cell
count (anemia). Anemia can have many different causes,
including vitamin deficiencies, bleeding and chronic diseases.
• If a hemoglobin test shows a higher than normal level, there
are several potential causes — the blood disorder
polycythemia vera, living at a high altitude, smoking and
dehydration.
 Hematocrit
• measures the proportion of red blood cells in your
blood. Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout your
body. A low score may be a sign that you don’t have
enough iron, the mineral that helps your body make
red blood cells. A high score could mean you’re
dehydrated or have another condition.
 Plasma
• is the clear, straw-colored liquid portion of blood that remains
after red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and other
cellular components are removed. It is the single largest
component of human blood, comprising about 55 percent,
and contains water, salts, enzymes, antibodies and other
proteins.
• Composed of 90% water, plasma is a transporting medium for
cells and a variety of substances vital to the human body.
• Plasma carries out a variety of functions in the body, including
clotting blood, fighting diseases and other critical functions.
Difference between Serum and Plasma
• Centrifugation is a technique used for the separation of particles from a
solution according to their size, shape, density, viscosity of the medium
and rotor speed. The particles are suspended in a liquid medium and
placed in a centrifuge tube. The tube is then placed in a rotor and spun at
a define speed.
• Plasma makes up about 55% of the overall blood volume. It is the liquid portion of
blood and is 90% water. Other than water, plasma also contains fibrinogen (which
contributes to the normal clotting of blood) and albumin (which acts to keep fluid in
your bloodstream and prevent leaking into other tissues). The purpose of plasma in the
blood is to transport all the proteins, nutrients, antibodies, hormones etc. all over the
body. As the plasma races around the body, cells will deposit their waste into the
plasma, which contributes to another job of the plasma: waste removal.
• Put simply, serum is plasma minus the clotting factors and blood cells. During the
process of removing the clotting factors (achieved by centrifugation), the protein
fibrinogen as described above is converted to fibrin. Fibrin is an insoluble protein that
is used to assist in the repair of tissue damage by forming a clot over the wound which
acts to hinder the flow of blood.
• A key difference between plasma and serum is that plasma is liquid, and serum is fluid.
While most of the components are the same for both plasma and serum, plasma
contains fibrinogen which is absent in serum. Both plasma and serum can be extracted
from blood with the use of a centrifuge but it’s worth noting that serum is obtained
after the clotting of blood, while plasma can be obtained before the coagulation of the
blood. Serum is mostly used for blood typing but is also used for diagnostic testing.
Plasma on the other hand, is mostly used for blood-clotting related problems.
 Complete Blood Count (CBC), Why is it
important?
• is a test that counts the cells that make up your blood: red blood cellss,
white blood cells, and platelets.
• To review your overall health. Your doctor may recommend a complete
blood count as part of a routine medical examination to monitor your
general health and to screen for a variety of disorders, such as anemia or
leukemia.
• To diagnose a medical condition. Your doctor may suggest a complete blood
count if you're experiencing weakness, fatigue, fever, inflammation, bruising
or bleeding. A complete blood count may help diagnose the cause of these
signs and symptoms. If your doctor suspects you have an infection, the test
can also help confirm that diagnosis.
• To monitor a medical condition. If you've been diagnosed with a blood
disorder that affects blood cell counts, your doctor may use complete blood
counts to monitor your condition.
• To monitor medical treatment. A complete blood count may be used to
monitor your health if you're taking medications that may affect blood cell
counts.
 Summary
• White blood cells (WBCs). These help your body fight germs. If you have too
many of them, it could be a sign of inflammation, infection, a medical reaction, or
another health condition. If it’s low, you could be at a higher risk for infection. A
medication, a viral infection, or a bone marrow disease could also cause a low
count.
• Red blood cells (RBC). These deliver oxygen throughout your body. They also help
carry carbon dioxide. If your RBC count is too low, you may have anemia or
another condition.
• Hemoglobin (Hb or Hgb). This is the protein in your blood that holds oxygen.
• Hematocrit (Hct). This test tells how much of your blood is made up of red blood
cells. A low score may be a sign that you don’t have enough iron, the mineral that
helps your body make red blood cells. A high score could mean you’re dehydrated
or have another condition.
• Platelets. These help your blood clot.
• Plasma. Composed of 90% water, plasma is a transporting medium for cells and a
variety of substances vital to the human body.
• Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). This test tells how much hemoglobin is in
your typical red blood cell.
• Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). This measures the
concentration of hemoglobin in a certain amount of blood.
• Red cell distribution width (RDW). This shows how your much your red blood cells
vary in size.
• Reticulocyte count. This test measures the number of new red blood cells.in your
body.
• Mean platelet volume (MPV). This result gives the average size of the platelets in
your blood.
• Platelet distribution width (PDW). This shows how much your platelets vary in size.
• White blood cell differential. There are five types of white blood cells: basophils,
eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils. This test shows how many
of each kind you have.
 What is a Hematology Analyzer?
What s its function?
• Blood cell counting: Mainly refers to the number in the unit
counting volume of the white blood cell count (WBC), the
number of red blood cell count (RBC), platelet count (PLT).

• The so-called blood cell analyzer is used on human blood

cytometry instruments, also known as Hematology Analyzer; by
counting the blood cells of the human body, it supplies the
main basis for the diagnosis of a variety of blood diseases, and
it also can provide a lot of important information other diseases
diagnosis and differential. One in all, it is one of the most
commonly used clinical examination and the most important
basic content.
 Coulter Principle or Electrical Impedance
• Whole blood is passed between two electrodes through an
aperture so narrow that only one cell can pass through at a
time. The impedance changes as a cell passes through. The
change in impedance is proportional to cell volume, resulting
in a cell count and measure of volume.

Colorimetry – is based on Beer-Lambert's law, according to

which the absorption of light transmitted through the medium
is directly proportional to the medium concentration.
RBC: 6-9 um
WBC: 7-25 um
PLT: 2-3 um
• The principle of impedance technology is electrical resistance (or
impedance) in which a known dilution of cells in suspension passes
through a small orifice. The electrolyte-containing diluent serves as a
conductor of a constant electrical current between two electrodes. As
cells pass through the orifice, they impede the electrical current, which is
detected as an increase in resistance. Each cell causes a resistance pulse,
thus allowing for cell counting. In addition, the height of the resistance
pulse is directly related to cell volume.
• Because impedance measures only cell volume, it is not specific for white
blood cells (WBC). They can only be counted after lysis of red blood cells
(RBC), and the differentiation of WBC is limited to three basic types,
based on their volume: lymphocytes (small WBC), neutrophils (large
WBC), and so-called mid-cells. Abnormal WBC cannot be characterized by
volume only; their presence can only be inferred if the three normal WBC
types are not well separated, and most impedance analyzers raise an
alarm flag in case of abnormal WBC distribution. Such a flag necessitates
further investigation by microscopy or an alternative technology. WBC
counting using impedance is prone to various interferences. 
 Advantage vs. Manual Method
• Manual cell count limitations:
• Need to have some experience in order to make smears technically
maintain adequate standardization and consistency in the
operation. 
• -Is subjective, labor-intensive and statistically unreliable(calculated
only 100-200 cells). 
• -Coefficient of variation reported (cv) from 30% to 110 %, and is
inaccurate. 
• -Counting the cells manually recognition error : This is generally
lymphocytes and monocytes want with cell division and abnormal
forms of variation(lymphocytes and blasts) separate. Monocytes
are often underestimated, and lymphocytes are often overestimate
 Disadvantages
• Automatic blood cell analyzer may also cause cell count too
much or too little of the phenomenon. Some analyzers
especially impedance type counter only checks the size and
number of particles, may not correctly distinguish tiny platelet
aggregation and nucleated red blood cells. Platelet aggregation
may be incorrectly classified as white blood cells or red blood
cells, and nucleated red blood cells may also be wrongly
classified as white blood cells, lymphocytes are classified as
particularly vulnerable. In addition, large or illegible atypical
cells, immature neutrophils and toxic reactive lymphocytes are
also likely to be incorrectly classified. 
• The colorimeter is based on Beer-Lambert's law, according
to which the absorption of light transmitted through the
medium is directly proportional to the medium
concentration.
• In a colorimeter, a beam of light with a specific
wavelength is passed through a solution via a series of
lenses, which navigate the colored light to the measuring
device. This analyzes the color compared to an existing
standard. A microprocessor then calculates the
absorbance or percent transmittance. If the concentration
of the solution is greater, more light will be absorbed,
which can be identified by measuring the difference
between the amount of light at its origin and that after
passing the solution.
Advantages and disadvantages of Colorimetry

• Advantages of colorimetry:
• It is economical, fast and has the simple operation of a
spectrometer.
• It is a fast and convenient method as compared with the volumetric
or gravimetric processes and they are easily optimized for
automation.
• It does not require an experienced person to handle it.
• The chemical substances in water can be identified by this method.
• It applied to the quantitative analysis of colored compounds.
• Another advantage of colorimetry is that it is a portable system you
can easily carry and transport.
• Disadvantages of colorimetry:
• The major disadvantage of colorimetry is that colorless compounds
cannot be analyzed.
• It needs more amount of sample for analysis.
• You require preparing a standard solution.
• Its sensitivity is low.
• The same colors from interfering material may create errors in
results.
•  The precise wavelength bandwidth may be required for more
accurate analysis.
• The interference with the matrix can lead to poor results in
uncontrolled conditions.
 Technical Parameters
• Test principle: WBC/RBC/PLT: Impedance method; HGB:
colorimetry
• Aspiration volume: 9.8μL(Whole Blood),
9.8μL(Anticoagulant Peripheral Blood), 20μL(Pre-diluted
Peripheral Blood)
• Test rate: About 1 min /ea.
• Working environment: 15°C ～ 35°C, relative humidity
≤80% Store environment: 0°C ～ 40°C, relative humidity
≤85% Power supply: a.c.110V ～ 220V, 50/60Hz
• Input power: 96VA
 Indicator light

Feed key
Display screen
Aspiration key

Sampling needle

Printer cover
Aspiration key

FRONT VIEW
①Display screen: Display the software interface
②Indicator light: green at startup, turn red when starting sample test,
turn green after test.
③Feed key: built-in printer feeds paper outward
④Aspiration key: in sample analysis, press this key, the instrument will
aspirate sample
⑤Printer cover: print paper installing position for built-in printer
⑥Sampling needle: use sampling needle to aspirate sample into chamber
⑦Aspiration key: in sample analysis, press this key, the instrument will
aspirate sample, function the same as key ④
 Parallel port
USB Port 1

USB Port 2

Net. Interface 1
Net. Interface 2
Keyboard Interface RS232 Port
Mouse Interface

VGA interface
Waste Port
Power Interface
Power Switch
Diluent Port

REAR VIEW
1. Parallel port: printer interface
2. USB port 1
3. USB port 2
4. Network interface 1
5. Network interface 2
6. RS-232 serial port: to connect with data receiving devices
7. Keyboard interface: PS/2 keyboard interface
8. Mouse interface: PS/2 mouse interface
9. VGA interface
10.Power interface: to connect with external power supply
11.Waste port
12.Diluent port
13.Power switch: switch instrument power
 Installation
• Unpack the instrument’s package and remove material for
transportation. Please keep original packing carton and packing
material, in case you need to repack the instrument in the future.
• Take out the instrument from plastic package.
• In accordance with packing list, make sure the packing carton content
includes:
– RT-7300 hematology analyzer
– User’s manual
– Packing list
– Power adapter & Power Cord
– Product COA
– PS/2Keyboard 
– PS/2 mouse
 Installation Environment
• In order to ensure instrument work normally, please choose working place
compliant with following condition to place RT-7300 Auto Hematology
Analyzer:
• No direct sunlight;
• No massive dust or powder;
• No strong electromagnetic radiation;
• Sufficiently large flat and solid desktop.
• AC power must be well earthed.
– AC power shall be stable, sharing with heavy-duty power appliance is
forbidden, rectified power supply is better equipped.
– If there is smoke, smell or noise in instrument, immediately shut off
power, and contact distributor.
– When plugging power line, one must catch the plug itself, instead of
power line.
 Reagent and its Function
Diluent: To dilute blood samples, to keep the blood cell in
original volume completely within a certain period and to
guarantee pulse obtained corresponding to the cell
volume by appropriate conductivity.
Lyse: lyse RBC quickly, release HGB, ensure the fragment of RBC
has no effect on the WBC counting. It help the HGB to form
stable compound for testing. Break down the membrane of the
WBC, release the plasma and ensure the integrity of the WBC.
Cleanser: mainly use for cleaning tubings.
Concentrated cleanser function: This liquid has good
performance on emulsification and catalysis, it help for
dismissing the solid smudges and keep the liquid path clean.
Start-Up
Blank Test Acceptable Range
Parameter Reference Range

WBC ≤ 0.2 × 109 / L

RBC ≤ 0.03 × 1012/ L

HGB ≤2g/L

HCT ≤ 0.5 %

PLT ≤ 10 × 109 / L
 Full English name English abbreviation Unit(Default)
White blood cell count WBC 109/L
Lymphocyte count LYM# 109/L
Intermediate cell count MID# 109/L
Granulocyte Cell count GRA# 109/L
Lymphocyte percentage LYM% %
Intermediate cells percentage MID% %
Granulocyte Cells percentage GRA% %
Red blood cell count RBC 1012/L
Hemoglobin content HGB g/L
Hematocrit HCT %
Mean corpuscular volume MCV fL
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCH pg

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCHC g/L

concentration

Red cell distribution width SD RDW-SD fL

Red cell distribution width CV RDW-CV %
Platelet count PLT 109/L
Mean platelet volume MPV fL
Platelet distribution width PDW %
Plateletcrit PCT %
Platelet–large cell ratio P-LCR %
White blood cell histogram WBC Histogram  

Red blood cell histogram RBC Histogram  

Platelet histogram PLT Histogram  

 Blood Sample Collection
• Blood sample collection is classified as venous blood and
peripheral blood.
•  Venous Blood is deoxygenated blood that flows from tiny
capillary blood vessels within the tissues into progressively
larger veins to the right side of the heart. Venous blood is the
specimen of choice for most routine laboratory tests.
• Peripheral blood is the flowing, circulating blood of the body.
It is composed of erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes.
These blood cells are suspended in blood plasma, through
which the blood cells are circulated through the body.
 • Venous blood collection
• Venous blood can be collected by using vacuum negative pressure tube or ordinary
method under atmospheric pressure, anticoagulant must be dropped to all venous
blood collection containers in advance, usually EDTA.K2.2H2O is adopted as
anticoagulant, with content of 1.5-2.2mg/ml.
• Peripheral blood collection
• Blood sampling position:
• For adults, the inner side of middle finger or ring finger tips of left hand is better; for
children above half a year old, middle finger is better; for infant below half a year
old, blood is usually sampled from thumb or outer side of foot bottom.
• Blood sampling method:
• It shall be carried out in accordance with peripheral blood collection standard of
health authority. Peripheral blood collection normally adopts local centesis; the
typical collection method is to pierce through finger end. Blood tube uses 20μL
constant volume blood tube or bullet blood tube. It is recommended to collect no
less than 30μL blood to facilitate double check.
• During blood sampling, if blood flow stagnates, one may slightly press farther end of
wound, never force around piercing hole. Avoid tissue fluid mixed with blood,
hampering test analysis result accuracy.
• Blood sample mixing
• Before test, blood sample must be thoroughly shaken and mixed, the recommended
method is: shake up and down, rotate test tube 3-5min, do not shake too violently.
• Blood sample to be tested can only stored at room temperature, test shall be done
in 4h, prolonged storage, or inferior mixing will influence test result accuracy.
Sample/Patient Profile
• Sample No.: to modify sample no., please input number within 8-digit length in
sample no. box. If this sample No has existed in system, then the user will be
asked to use new sample no. Otherwise, the system will cover the existed test
results. The system will create sample number from 1 everyday.
• Name: maximal 20 letters.
• Sex: male or female may be selected, if no chosen, the system default is blank.
• Age: for Year, Month and Day, just input one number. If multiple items are
input, then if year is available, then month and day will not be saved, if month
is available, the days will not be saved. Age range is 1-150, month range is 1-
30, day range is 1-90.
• Sample type: anti-coagulating whole blood, anti-coagulating peripheral blood
and pre-diluted peripheral blood can be chosen.
• Reference: general, male adult, male female, 14-18 years, 6-13 years, 3-5
years, 2 months-2 years, 8 days-1 months, the 1 st week and user-define value
can be selected. The default is general.
• Medical No.: patient medical record no.
• Bed No.: number of sick bed of patient.
• Department, sender, analyst and checker: directly input or select from
dropdown box,
 Test Mode
• Whole blood: Venous blood can be collected by using vacuum negative
pressure tube or ordinary method under at atmospheric pressure,
anticoagulant must be dropped to all venous blood collection containers in
advance, usually EDTA.K2.2H2O is adopted as anticoagulant, with content
of 1.5-2.2mg/ml. After blood collection, mix well the sample, shake up and
down, rotate test tube 20 times, do not shake too violently. The instrument
will aspirate 9.8ul for the test.
• Peripheral blood: use the bullet blood tube for the blood collection, the
anticoagulant should be added, aspirate the 9.8ul for testing.
• Predilute peripheral blood: the typical collection method is to pierce
through finger end. Blood tube uses 20μL constant volume blood tube or
bullet blood tube. It is recommended to collect no less than 30μL blood to
facilitate double check. Please aspirate the 20ul sample then add 700uL
dilute liquid, form the1:36 liquid. The instrument aspirate 300uL for test.
 Test Process
The first dilute: The needle aspirate 9.8ul blood and dispense fixed volume diluted
into the WBC counting cell, and then the pressure Syringe dispense the air into WBC
counting cell for mixing.
The second dilute: The needle go into WBC counting cell, aspirate fixed volume of
the first dilute liquid, and then the Lyse will be added into the WBC counting cell,
then the pressure Syringe will dispense air into WBC counting for mix, meanwhile the
needle dispense fixed volume diluent with the first diluted liquid into RBC counting
cell. And then the pressure Syringe dispense air into RBC counting cell for mixing.
After above steps, the pressure Syringe will create the Negative
pressure, after the negative pressure reach the fixed value the
counting will begin. Meanwhile the HGB will be test in the WBC
counting cell.
The counting process: Valve 4 will open for counting. Because the chamber of
WBC & RBC counting cells are connected, so the counting will begin at the same time
in WBC and RBC chamber and end at the same time. ( The machine will count twice
and compare the results, if they have a big difference, the machine will be counting a
third time.)
The test method of HGB: Photoelectric colorimetry
Liquid Path RT-7300
 Valves Function
Valve 6 ： Dispense the Lyse
Valve 5 ： Release the pressure in the pressure Syringe
Valve 11 ： Add the cleanser into WBC counting cell
Valve 7 ： Use for WBC/RBC count
Valve 8 ： Drain the waste in the pressure Syringe
Valve 2 ： Drain the waste of the needle outside wash
Valve 1 ： Add the diluent into WBC chamber/ washer
Valve 3 ： Add the diluent into needle
Valve 4 ： Dispense the diluent
Valve 9 ： Drain the WBC chamber
Valve 10 ： Drain the RBC chamber
• You can select blood type by “Mode” button or select form the box at
sample data edit menu. There are three kind of blood type for selection,
which are whole blood, anticoagulant peripheral blood and pre-diluted
peripheral blood.
 

• If select pre-diluted peripheral blood mode, first add 20μl peripheral blood
at the diluting cup, then click “Diluent” button, a message box as following
will appear:
• Add diluent
• Press the aspiration key will add 700μl diluent to the diluting cup to
complete the dilution out of instrument, the analyzer will aspirate 300μl
diluent sample for counting.
• The test procedures are as following:
• Put sample cup under sampling needle, press aspiration key, the
instrument aspirate blood sample, wait until sampling needle rises inside
instrument, remove sample cup
• Instrument begins to analyze sample, frame top message box shows
“Testing…”, after test, parameter, test result and histogram will be shown
as follows:
Histogram
Graphical
representation of
numerical data of
different cell
population on cell
counter.
WBC Histogram
RBC Histogram
PLT Histogram
Quality Control
Save: select QC file, enter lot No., validity period, parameter targets value and
limits, click “save” button, save QC data of current QC file, if there is data in
this QC file, then update.

Rules: select QC rules of this QC file, you can unselect, select one or more.
System will make out-of-control determination and alarm in QC test according
to these rules.
QC rules frame is shown below:
 L-J QC run
After QC parameter setting of selected QC file is done, QC
analysis of this QC file can start. In main screen, select QC file,
enter QC Run screen as shown below:
• L-J QC chart
 Calibration
• Commercial calibration sample can be used to calibrate this
instrument. All mathematic calculations related with calibration can be
done by instrument automatically, calibration coefficient is
automatically saved. RT-7300 has three sets of calibration coefficients,
anti-coagulating whole blood, anti-coagulating peripheral blood and
pre-diluted peripheral blood; anti-coagulating whole blood, anti-
coagulating peripheral blood and pre-diluted peripheral blood are
calibrated separately.
• Before instrument calibration, you shall check in following steps, make
sure machine works in normal status, if any problem is found, stop
calibration.
• Check instrument and reagent, make sure that instrument is in normal
status, reagent is sufficient, material needed is complete.
• Make blank test, make sure that blank test value meets requirement.
• In counting screen, use median blood sample to repeat test, make sure
that instrument works within precision range.
• Manual Calibration
• Manual calibration procedure is as follows:
• In Sample Test menu, use calibration sample to test several times (at
least three).
• Record the tested data.
• Calculate new calibration coefficient
• Calculate new calibration coefficient as per formula below:

new _ calibration _ coefficient = current _ calibration _ coefficient ´ calibration _ sample _ reference _ value
Mean _ of _ test _ values

 
• In Manual Calibration screen, select sample type, input new calibration
coefficient in calibration input box, input calibration time in calibration
time box. If running auto-calibration, the parameter calibration time will
be automatically updated to the time of automatic calibration.
• Click “Save” button to save current calibration result. Click “Exit” button,
the system will not save result, and directly return to main screen.
 Auto Calibration
• When automatic calibration is selected, after testing calibration sample, the instrument can
automatically calculate new calibration coefficient. Auto-calibration procedure is as follows:
• Set up calibration sample, select parameters to calibrate;
• Test calibration sample;
• Determine calibration coefficient. Auto-calibration screen is as follows:
At first, calibration sample is to be set up, click “Setting” button, open auto-calibration
setting menu, as shown below:
• Lot No.: lot number of calibration sample, input and save, on next logon, you can select from
dropdown list, check or modify data of this lot no. Click “Input” button to input lot No.
• Expiry: validity period of calibration sample, if validity period is less than current system date,
when confirmed to return, the instrument will give alarm of using another calibration sample to
calibrate.
• Sample type: blood type of calibration sample.
• Targets: reference value of each parameter of calibration sample.
• Calibration parameter: parameter to calibrate.
• Click “Delete” button, current calibration sample setting data can be deleted. Click “OK” to save
current lot number data and exit. Click “Cancel” button, the system will not function, and directly
return to Auto-calibration running screen.
• After setting, start calibration test, the process is as follows:

• Have calibration sample ready, press Aspiration key to start test.

• After test, calibration result will be shown in current test number column.
• Repeat test, the instrument allows 20 runs at most.
• Statistic results and new calibration coefficient will be shown in table below frame after each test
automatically.
• Unsatisfactory test data rows can be deleted at any time.
• If deciding to use new calibration coefficient, click “Save” button, the system will save new
calibration coefficient.
 History Data
• After test of each sample, the system automatically saves test data; RT-7300 can save
parameter test values and histograms of at most 50000 samples. User can check parameter
test data and histograms of all samples, print, delete, modify and retrieve sample data of
designated condition.
• In main screen, click “RESULTS” button, open history data list menu, as shown below:
System Settings
Other
 User setting
• The system has two levels of users now, system administrator and common user,
with varied priorities. Default is common user, then some settings are disabled, to
enable these settings, please click “Log on” button, open logon dialog box as
follows:

• Select or input user account and password, click “OK” button, if you’re system administrator,
then all functions in Other Setting screen will be enabled. System presets administrator user
“Admin”, the password is 1008. Engineer 1001
• Normal Limits
• Panic Limits
• Units
• Communication
Department Information Doctor Information
System Information

System Status
Statistic Information
 Service/Maintenance
• Back flush
• Back flush gem aperture, together with the function of “High voltage pulse”, to prevent and eliminate
clogging of aperture.
• High voltage pulse
• This function is to burn the gem hole to prevent and eliminate jam of hole.
• Drain chambers
• Drain off the diluent in WBC and RBC chamber.
• Drain pipeline
• Drain off liquid in the pipeline.
• Remove Blockage
• Particular procedure is for eliminate the blockage of hole.
• Prime
• System will prime automatically during sample test. If you have performed drain operation or replaced
reagent, you shall perform the operation of priming.
• All reagents: fill diluent, lyse and cleanser into related pipeline.
• Diluent: fill diluent into related pipeline.
• Lyse solution: fill lyse solution into related pipeline.
• Cleanser: fill cleanser into related pipeline.
 • Cleaning
• When you think that the chamber has been polluted or the blank test result keeps unacceptable, you shall
use this function.
• Concentrated cleanser soaking
• Concentrated cleanser is an alkalescent wash solution. It is used for cleaning pipeline and chamber. At the
service menu,. When the system gives the message to add concentrated cleanser, add it manually into the
chamber. You shall perform this operation once every three days.
• Check Mechanics
• Function of each solenoid valve is as follows:
• Solenoid valve 1: to control lyse solution dispensing.
• Solenoid valve 2: to release positive pressure and negative pressure of
pressure syringe.
• Solenoid valve 3: to control WBC chamber cleanser adding during rinsing.
• Solenoid valve 4: to drain pressure syringe.
• Solenoid valve 5: to provide negative pressure needed by WBC and RBC
chambers.
• Solenoid valve 6: to control RBC chamber diluent adding during rinsing.
• Solenoid valve 7: to control diluent and air aspiration in sampling needle
flushing unit.
• Solenoid valve 8: to control diluent in sampling needle unit.
• Solenoid valve 9: to control diluent dispensing.
• Solenoid valve 10: to control WBC chamber draining.
• Solenoid valve 11: to control RBC chamber draining.
 • Debug
• Is for the engineer to test and debug the instrument.
• Egineering
•
Just for the engineer to sets up system parameters.
• Machine reset
• When mechanical component is out of step, you can restore original status with mechanical reset.
• Stop use
• If the instrument will not be used for more than two weeks or to be packed for transportation,
• please conduct in following steps:
• In “Service” menu, select “Stop Use”, complete operations according to the message given by system,
when screen displays it’s ready to shut down, shut off instrument power.
• For the remaining diluent, cleanser, Lyse, cover the bottles and turn tight, store as per reagent instruction.
• Power cables and adapters are to be cleaned with clean cloth dipped with neutral detergent, put in cool
place, let dry, and pack in plastic bags.
• Put instrument and plastic bag packed components in instrument packing carton.
• Replace reagent
• In order to make the system monitoring the using of reagent, when you are replacing the reagent, please
input the volume of reagent you replaced in. System will record this volume and monitor the using of
reagent, when the remaining volume is not enough, it will give a message.

FAULT
Instrument cannot start-up
Instrument cuts power
automatically
Basic Troubleshooting
SOLUTION
• check if instrument is powered on
• check if power plug gets loose or falls off
• check voltage
• check instrument power is connected or not
• check power cable is loose or not
• power off instrument internal circuit breaker, and restart.

No Diluent • Replace diluent, from main screen maintenance menu,

select replace reagent -> diluent

No Cleanser • Replace cleanser, from main screen maintenance menu,

select replace reagent -> cleanser
No Lyse • Replace Lyse , from main screen maintenance menu, select
replace reagent -> lyse solution
Waste bottle full • Discard waste

Temperature abnormal • in main menu, click “System Info” -> “System

Status”, check environment temperature, if not within 15°C~35°C
range, restore instrument ambient temperature to this range
Blank counting value higher repeatedly • reagent is used up or not
• reagent is deteriorated or contaminated
• calibrate instrument
• check temperature or pressure if it is
normal

Parameter test incorrect • calibrate instrument

• check if sampling needle location is right
• check if there is bubble in fluid syringe,
piston slides smoothly. If there is bubble,
please make sure that reagent tubing
connection is normal
• check solenoid valves if they work normally
Printer cannot print • check printer if there is no paper
• check if normally connected
• check printer setting in system setting

QC not in target range • check reagent validity period

• check setting if it is right, and necessary to
modify parameter.
• make sure that QC process is not
contaminated
• test again in other method