MECHANICS OF MACHINES

MECHANISMS AND DEGREES OF

FREEDOM-2
 MECHANISMS AND DEGREES OF
FREEDOM
SUB-DIVISIONS OF MECHANICS OF MACHINES
MECHANICS OF
MACHINES

Kinematics Dynamics Kinetics Statics

Deals with relative Deals with forces and

motion between Deals with inertia and Deals with forces and
their effects on moving effects of forces which arise their effects while the
various parts of the parts from the combined effect of machine parts are at rest
machine mass and motion of moving
parts
 MECHANISMS AND DEGREES OF
FREEDOM
SIMPLE MECHANISMS
• EACH PART OF A MACHINE WHICH MOVES RELATIVE TO SOME OTHER PART IS KNOWN AS A
KINEMATIC LINK OR AN ELEMENT
• A LINK MAY CONSIST OF SEVERAL PARTS, WHICH ARE RIGIDLY FASTENED TOGETHER SO THAT
THEY MOVE RELATIVE TO ONE ANOTHER
• A MECHANISM IS AN ASSEMBLY OF 2 OR MORE LINKS CONNECTED TOGETHER
 MECHANISMS AND DEGREES OF
FREEDOM
SIMPLE MECHANISMS
• A LINK OR ELEMENT NEED TO BE A RIGID BODY BUT IT MUST BE A RESISTANT BODY
• A RESISTANT BODY TRANSMITS REQUIRED FORCES WITH NEGLIGIBLE
DEFORMATIONS
• A LINK MUST HAVE THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS:
1. MUST HAVE RELATIVE MOTION WITH OTHER LINKS
2. MUST BE A RESISTANT BODY
 MECHANISMS AND DEGREES OF
FREEDOM
TYPES OF LINKS
1. RIGID
A RIGID LINK DOES NOT UNDERGO ANY DEFORMATION WHILE
TRANSMITTING MOTION (IMPOSSIBLE) E.G. CONNECTING ROD,
CRANK ETC.
2. FLEXIBLE
A FLEXIBLE LINK IS PARTLY DEFORMED WHILE TRANSMITTING
MOTION BUT DOES NOT EFFECT THE TRANSMISSION OF
MOTION E.G. BELTS, ROPES, CHAINS AND WIRES.
 MECHANISMS AND DEGREES OF
FREEDOM
STRUCTURE
• AN ASSEMBLAGE OF A NUMBER OF
RESISTANT BODIES HAVING NO
RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN THEM.
• THEY ARE MEANT FOR CARRYING
LOADS HAVING A STRAINING ACTION
• E.G.
A RAILWAY BRIDGE
 MECHANISMS AND DEGREES OF
FREEDOM
STRUCTURE
• AN ASSEMBLAGE OF A NUMBER OF
RESISTANT BODIES HAVING NO
RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN THEM.
• THEY ARE MEANT FOR CARRYING
LOADS HAVING A STRAINING ACTION
• E.G.
A ROOF TRUSS
 MECHANISMS AND DEGREES OF
FREEDOM
STRUCTURE
• AN ASSEMBLAGE OF A NUMBER OF
RESISTANT BODIES HAVING NO
RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN THEM.
• THEY ARE MEANT FOR CARRYING
LOADS HAVING A STRAINING ACTION
• E.G.
A MACHINE FRAME
 MECHANISMS AND DEGREES OF
FREEDOM

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MACHINE AND A STRUCTURE

• PARTS OF A MACHINE MOVE RELATIVE TO ONE ANOTHER
WHEREAS MEMBERS OF A STRUCTURE DO NOT.
• A MACHINE TRANSFORMS THE AVAILABLE ENERGY INTO SOME
USEFUL WORK, WHEREAS NO ENERGY IS TRANSFORMED INTO
USEFUL WORK BY A STRUCTURE.
• THE LINKS OF A MACHINE MAY TRANSMIT BOTH POWER AND
MOTION, WHILE THE MEMBERS OF A STRUCTURE TRANSMIT
FORCES ONLY.
 MECHANISMS AND DEGREES OF
FREEDOM

KINEMATIC PAIR
• TWO LINKS IN CONTACT
FORM A PAIR
• IF RELATIVE MOTION
BETWEEN TWO LINKS IS
CONSTRAINED ONLY IN
ONE DIRECTION THEN IT IS
CALLED A KINEMATIC PAIR