What due Strep Pneumonia and

Cryptococcus both have in common ?

• Both have capsules

• Some Killer Have Pretty Nice Capsules

• Strep Pneumo
• Klebsiella
• Hemophilus Influenza
• Pseudomonas
• Cryptococus
 Myasthenia Gravis antibodies are
directed toward what receptors ?
• Acetylcholine receptors

• Treat by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase.

 A male comes in with a blood pressure of 50/30
and hyperkalemia. Which of the following will
increase ?
a. Secretion of the Zona Glomerulosa of the
adrenal cortex
b. Secretion of Natrial Atriuretic Peptide
c. Inhibition of Anti-diuretic hormone secretion
d. Urine excretion bicarbonate ions

A
 Wiskott-Aldrich vs Bruton’s
Agammaglobulinemia
Wiskot Bruton
• X- linked • X-linked recessive (Boys)
• (TIE) triad • No B cell maturation
– Thrombocytopenia • Recurrent Bacterial
– Infections Infections after 6 months
– Eczema because of decrease IgG
• T cells affected • All Immunoglobulins
• Increased IgE and IgA decreased including IgE and
• Decreased IgM IgA
 Hapten
• It happens to be too small to generate an
immune response, but can if attached to a
larger protein.
 Atherosclerosis is commonly found in
which part of the vessel?
• Subendothelial layer
 Karyrorrhexis vs karyolysis
Karyorrhexis karyolysis
• Destructive fragmentation • Total dissolving of
of the nucleus chromatin, the cell will die
• Irregular distribution of
chromatin throughout
cytoplasm
 Necrosis
• Coagulative (heart, liver and kidney)
• Liquefactive (Brain, Bacterial Abscess)
• Caseous (TB and Fungi)
• Gangrenous (GI and legs and arms)
 Gout
• Hyperuricemia crystal formation in joints
• Can be caused by Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
• Thiazide diuretics can lead to gout
• Big toe mainly affected
• Treat chronic gout with (allopurinol)
• Treat acute gout with (colchicine)
 Which Virus can be tranported from
mother to child causing cataracts
• Rubella (german measles)
 Which virus causes lesions in the oral
cavity with blue and red halo rings?
• Rubeola (paramyxovirus) – measles, not
german
 What would decrease in a woman taking
exogenous corticosteroids medication for
arthritic pain?
• Plasma ACTH
A 9 year old girl comes to your dental clinic wearing a long
sleeve shirt on a hot summer day. She admits to drinking
lots of carbonated beverages and has decay on every
occlusal surface. This is her first time to the dentist because
her parents say baby teeth will fall out on their own. She
appears very nervous to sudden sounds?

Question 1: What do you suspect ?

 What do dementia and alzheimers
have in common
• Senile Amyloidosis
 Hemothorax
• Blood in the thoracic cavity. They may mention
autopsy of gun shot victim.
• The blood compresses the trachea and lungs
can cause breathing issues.
• Treat by draining the blood with a chest tube.
 Cardiac Tamponade
• Fluid, gas, or blood in the pleural space
compressing the heart.
• Can be associated with hypothyroidism
• Less filling of the ventricle means decreased
cardiac output
 Hemophilia’s
• Hemophilia A – caused by factor 8
• Hemophilia B – caused by factor 9

• Both are X-linked conditions affecting males

more than females
 Discoid lupus
• A type of non systemic lupus that primarily
affects only the skin

• Localized discoid lupus erythematosus

typically presents with skin lesions localized
above the neck, with favored sites being the
scalp, bridge of nose, cheeks, itchy above lip,
and ear and arms
 Jaundice does NOT result from which
of the following?
a. Gallstones
b. Hepatitis
c. Hemolytic Anemia
d. Vitamin K deficiency
e. Carcinoma of the common bile duct

D
 Ten days after hospitalization for a large, incapacitating
myocardial infarct, a 50-year-old man suddenly develops
paralysis of the right side of his body. The best explanation for
his brain damage is
a. Rupture of a congenital aneurysm of the
circle of willis
b. Brain abscess from necrosis of the
myocardium
c. Detachment of a bacterial embolus from the
pulmonic valve
d. Detachment of a mural thrombus from the
left ventricle
D
Which of the following fungal species is
NOT a dermatophyte?
• A. Trichophyton
• B. Epidermophyton
• C. Coccidioides
• D. Microsporum

C
The most likely diagnosis for a patient with dysphonia,
dysphagia, weight loss and a history of heavy cigarette
smoking is
• 1. laryngitis
• 2. tonsillitis.
• 3. laryngeal polyps.
• 4. carcinoma of the lungs.
• 5. carcinoma of the larynx.

5
 Striated muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac
muscle have in common the fact that
• 1. hyperplasia of these elements is common.
• 2. hypertrophy is a common response to
injury.
• 3. they have a limited capacity to regenerate.
• 4. they need a constant high O2 concentration
to function.

3
 The most common primary
bronchogenic carcinoma is the:
• A. small cell carcinoma
• B. large cell carcinoma
• C. squamous cell carcinoma
• D. adenocarcinoma
• E. oat cell carcinoma

C
 An individual with Addison's disease is most
likely to experience which of the following?
• A. Decreased ACTH levels
• B. Hypernatremia
• C. Hypoglycemia
• D. Water retention
• E. Weight gain