Plate techtonics:convergent boundaries

Submitted to Submitted by
Prof. Merool Vakeel Madhav Purohit
000rdmtce190007

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 Plate tectonics
Plates are driven by cooling of Earth
(convection)
Gravity provides additional force to
move plates.

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 What are the tectonic plates?

AKA: Lithospheric plate

• The ~100-km-thick surface of the Earth;
• Contains crust and part of the upper mantle;
• It is rigid and brittle;
• Fractures to produce earthquakes.
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 TECHTONIC PLATES

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 What is the asthenosphere?

Asthenosphere:
• Is the hotter upper mantle below the lithospheric plate;
• Can flow like silly putty; and
• Is a viscoelastic solid, NOT liquid!!
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 Tectonic Plates

• How fast are the plates moving?

Plates move 1-10 centimeters per year (≈ rate of fingernail growth ).

Fingernail growth plotted: http://jclahr.com/science/earth_science/thumbnail/index.html

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Three Basic Types of Plate Boundaries
Using hands to show relative motion
Divergent

Transform
Convergent

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Convergent Boundaries form when two
tectonic plates come towards each other.
There are three types of convergent boundaries
or destructive boundaries.
**continent - continent
**ocean – ocean
**continent – ocean
Continent -Continent: Mountains form and
earthquakes occur when continental plates run into
each other and fold upwards. (Ex: Himalayas and
Alps)

Continent to continent The summit of Mt. Everest

is made of marine limestone.
Ocean Plate-Ocean Plate: Volcanic island arcs,
trenches & earthquakes occur when older ocean
plate subducts under a younger ocean plate.
(Ex: Japan, Aleutian Islands-off Alaska,
Philippines, Tonga Islands, Marianas Trench).
   

Ocean to Ocean Boundary

Earth Observatory Center: Japan

Ocean Plate-Continent Plate: Mountains,
volcanoes and earthquakes occur as an ocean plate
subducts under a continental plate. The Oceanic
plate melts; less dense-magma rises to form
volcanoes. (Ex: Andes, Cascade Range, Sierra
Nevada)

Ocean to Continent Boundary Goddard Space Flight Center

Ocean to Ocean and Ocean to continent are destructive boundaries
 REFERENCES

http://www.iris.edu/hq/programs/educati
on_and_outreach/videos#B

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 Thankyou
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