UNIT 3: RELATIONSHIPS.

Universidad Politécnica Salesiana del Ecuador

CAN DO OBJECTIVES

• Lesson A Talk about a friendship

• Lesson B Talk about families
• Lesson C Tell a story
• Lesson D Write about someone’s life

Universidad Politécnica Salesiana del Ecuador

 Lesson A: Narrative tenses
PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS
PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS
• We use past simple to We use the past continuous:
• We use past simple to • to describe the situation at the beginning of a story.
describe the main
describe the main Example: That day, I was sleeping in my grandmother´s bed
events of a story in
events of a story in
the order they
the order they • for longer actions in comparison with shorter actions in the past
happened:
happened: simple.
Example: We ate pizza Example: I was going to the supermarket by taxi when He
Example: We ate pizza decided to give me a lift..
yesterday. We went to an
yesterday. We went to an
Italian restaurant
Italian restaurant • when actions are interrupted by main events in the past simple.
Example: My mom was taking a shower when my father
called her.

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 • We can connect past simple and past continuous actions
with

as while when

• I was traveling to the beach when I saw a car accident.

• She looked at her cellphone while the trainer was going to the restroom.

• The car broke down as I was driving on the highway.

 Don´t use the past continuous for state verbs. Use the past simple instead.

• I saw a car accident when I was at home.

• NOT …. when I was being at home.

•
 PAST PERFECT
PAST PERFECT
We use the past perfect to describe an event that happened before the story started, or earlier in the
We use the past perfect to describe an event that happened before the story started, or earlier in the
story than a main event:
story than a main event:
Example: Jason opened the door, looked around the place and walked in. The window was opened
Example: Jason opened the door, looked around the place and walked in. The window was opened
and the curtains were blowing. It is clear that someone had left in a hurry.
and the curtains were blowing. It is clear that someone had left in a hurry.
•
• We can use by + a time with the past perfect to show what happened up to a
point in the past.

• I started to study maths on Friday and by Sunday I’d studied the whole book.
By the time I__________
arrived home had prepared
my mom__________ lunch for the family.
Exercises
Complete the story with the correct narrative tense. Use the given verbs

It .................... (be)Tuesday evening and I……………. (get) ready to

go to bed when the phone ………… (ring). To my surprise it
……………..(be) my friend Peter. He……………..(call) from his
mobile and he was very annoyed because he ……………….. (lose)
his keys and he ……………….. (cannot) get into his flat. He
………………(think) he ………………. (leave) them at work but now
it was midnight and the office was closed so he …………… (cannot)
get in to check. Luckily I had the keys to his flat because a month
before he ……………….(give) me a spare set so that I could look
after his cat while he was on holiday. When he finally……………
(arrive) to pick them up, it was three o'clock in the morning, and I
………………(lie) on the sofa fast asleep.
Exercises
Complete the story with the correct narrative tense. Use the verbs from the list .

was was getting (get) ready to

It .................... (be)Tuesday evening and I…………….
rang
go to bed when the phone ………… (ring). To my surprise it
was called
……………..(be) my friend Peter. He……………..(call) from his
had lost
mobile and he was very annoyed because he ……………….. (lose)
couldn’t
his keys and he ……………….. (cannot) get into his flat. He
thought
………………(think) had left
he ………………. (leave) them at work but now
it was midnight and the office was closed so he …………… couldn’t (cannot)
get in to check. Luckily I had the keys to his flat because a month
had given
before he ……………….(give) me a spare set so that I could look
after his cat while he was on holiday. When he finally…………… arrived
(arrive) to pick them up, it was three o'clock in the morning, and I
was lying
………………(lie) on the sofa fast asleep.
Lesson B: used to, usually
*We use used to to describe past habits and states
• When I was a child, I used to play soccer with my brother every Sunday. (past habit)
• My friends used to love chocolate. They always ate four or five in school. (past state)

*The negative forms are didn´t use to and never used to

• My sister didn’t use to go to the church every Sunday. Because It was far from our house.
• We never used to go out together.

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* There is not present tense of used to. Use adverbs of frequency instead.

We usually celebrate our parents birthday at home.

How many times a year do you usually go shopping?
*You can also use adverbs of frequency with past simple and a past time phrase.
• We visited our grandparents for a holiday, quite often back then.
• I went to the USA 2 years ago. I was there for 20 days back then
• I took swimming lessons. I was a primary student back then.
* You can use the adverbials not any more and not any longer to say that a past habit has now stopped.
• I don’t eat greasy food any more, I like vegetables and fruit instead.
• They don´t study in the same school any longer

any longer any more

In order to express time and duration
(when they’re in the past):
He keeps disobeying his parents and they
can't stand it any longer.
In order to express a quantity:
Determiner placed before a noun
I won't answer any more questions. I'm done.
(= I've had enough!)
Not any more is also an adverb; it then
modifies a verb.
If I were you, I wouldn't work anymore... It's
late and you can't finish this work tonight.
* We can use the adverb still to talk about a past habit or state that has not changed.
• I still love comedy movies, I usually watch them with my sister.
• Do you still live in the same neighbourhood?.
•
• We often use a mixture of the past simple and used to in order to describe past
situations. It sounds unnatural if you use used to for every verb.
Exercises
Complete the sentences with the affirmative, negative or interrogative form of used to.

used to  / didn't use to  / didn't use to  / Did they use to  / used to
 / did you use to / didn't use / to used to

• Antonio Valencia … (play) for Manchester United.

• We … (have) a smartphone, but we do now.
• ….(they / live) together?
• That house … (be) a clothes shop.
• He … (like) her, but now they're married.
• Where … (you /go) to high school?
• There … (be) an Italian restaurant here.
• I … (like) fruit, but I do now.
Exercises
Complete the sentences with the affirmative, negative or interrogative form of used to.
used to  / didn't use to  / didn't use to  / Did they use to  / used to
 / did you use to / didn't use /  used to
used to play
• Antonio Valencia …………………(play) for Manchester United.
didn’t use to have
• We ………………….. (have) a smartphone, but we do now.
Did they use to live
• ………………………. (they / live) together?
used to be
• That house …………….… (be) a clothes shop.
didn’t used to like
• He …………………….. (like) her, but now they're married.
did you use to go
• Where …………………. (you /go) to high school?
used to be
• There ………………. (be) an Italian restaurant here.
didn’t use to like
• I ………………...... (like) fruit, but I do now.
Complete the following sentences using one of the answer choices given below each question.
1. I … eat greasy food, but now I have stopped.

… use to
… used to
… am used to

2. That theater … be an old house.

… used to
… use to
… was used to

3. I … like classical music, but now I don’t.

… used to
… use to
… was used to
Complete the following sentences using one of the answer choices given below each question.
1. I … eat greasy food, but now I have stopped.

… use to
… used to
… am used to

2. That theater … be an old house.

… used to
… use to
… was used to

3. I … like classical music, but now I don’t.

… used to
… use to
… was used to
4. I … like country music, but now I do.

… didn´t use to
… didn’t used to
… used not to

5. I always … be afraid of spiders.

… used to
… use to
… am used to

6. I … ride a motorcycle.

… didn’t use to
… wasn´t used to
… didn´t used to
4. I … like country music, but now I do.

… didn´t use to
… didn’t used to
… used not to

5. I always … be afraid of spiders.

… used to
… use to
… am used to

6. I … ride a motorcycle.

… didn’t use to
… wasn´t used to
… didn´t used to
References:
• English EMPOWER B1 Student’s Book
Adrian Doff, Craig Thaine, Herbert Puchta, Jeff Stranks, and Peter Lewis-Jones
Cambridge University Press (2016)

• English EMPOWER B1 Workbook

Adrian Doff, Craig Thaine, Herbert Puchta, Jeff Stranks, and Peter Lewis-Jones
Cambridge University Press (2016)

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