Chapter 10 Correlation and Regression Section 10 3 Correlation

Chapter 10
Correlation and Regression
Section 10-3
Correlation
Chapter 10
Section 10-3
Exercise #13
For the following exercise, complete these steps.
a. Draw the scatter plot for the
variables.
b. Compute the value of the

correlation coefficient.
c. State the hypotheses.
d. Test the significance of the

correlation coefficient at  =
0.05, using Table I.
e. Give a brief explanation of

the type of relationship.
A researcher wishes to determine if a person’s age is
related to the number of hours he or she exercises per
week. The data for the sample are shown below.
a. Draw the scatter plot for the variables.
Age x 18 26 32 38 52 59
Hours y 10 5 2 3 1.5 1
10
8
Hours
6
4
2
Age
0 10 20 40 30 50 60 70
b. Compute the value of the correlation coefficient.
Age x 18 26 32 38 52 59
Hours y 10 5 2 3 1.5 1
 x = 225  y = 22.5
 x 2 = 9653  y 2 = 141.25
 xy = 625 n=6
 x = 225  x 2 = 9653  xy = 625
 y = 22.5  y 2 = 141.2 n = 6
n   xy  –   x    y 
r =
n
  
x
2

– x  2 

  
n y
2
y  2

 x = 225  x 2 = 9653  xy = 625
 y = 22.5  y 2 = 141.2 n = 6
6  625  –  225   22.5 

r =
 2 2

6 9653  –   
225  6 141.25  –  
22.5 
r = – 0.832
H0 :  = 0 and H1 :   0
Age x 18 26 32 38 52 59
Hours y 10 5 2 3 1.5 1
d. Test the significance of the correlation coefficient at  =
Age x 18 26 32 38 52 59
Hours y 10 5 2 3 1.5 1
H0 :  = 0 and H1 :   0
n=6 d .f . = 4 r = – 0.832
C.V . = ± 0.811
Decision: Reject H0 .
e. Give a brief explanation of the type of relationship.
Age x 18 26 32 38 52 59
Hours y 10 5 2 3 1.5 1
H0 :  = 0 and H1 :   0
n=6 d .f . = 4 r = – 0.832
There is a significant linear relationship
between a person’s age and the number
of hours he or she exercises per week.
Chapter 10
Section 10-3
Exercise #15
variables.



The director of an alumni association for a small college wants
to determine whether there is any type of
relationship between the amount of an alumnus’s
contribution (in dollars) and the years
the alumnus has been out of school.
The data are shown here.
Years x 1 5 3 10 7 6
Contribution y 500 100 300 50 75 80
Years x 1 5 3 10 7 6
Contribution y 500 100 300 50 75 80
500
400
Contribution
300
200
100
0 2 4 6 8 10 20 30
Years
Years x 1 5 3 10 7 6
Contribution y 500 100 300 50 75 80
 x = 32  y = 1105
 x 2 = 220  y 2 = 364,525
 xy = 3405 n=6
 x = 32  x 2 = 220  xy = 3405
 y = 1105  y 2 = 364,52 n = 6
n   xy  –   x    y 
r =
n
  
x
2

– x  2 

  
n y
2
y  2

 x = 32  x 2 = 220  xy = 3405
 y = 1105  y 2 = 364,52 n = 6
6  3405  –  32   1105 
r =
 2 2
6  220  –  32   6  364,525  –  1105  
r = – 0.883
Years x 1 5 3 10 7 6
Contribution y 500 100 300 50 75 80
H0 :  = 0 and H1 :   0
Years x 1 5 3 10 7 6
Contribution y 500 100 300 50 75 80
H0 :  = 0 and H1 :   0
n=6 d . f . = 4 r = – 0.883
C.V . = ± 0.811
Years x 1 5 3 10 7 6
Contribution y 500 100 300 50 75 80
H0 :  = 0 and H1 :   0
n=6 d . f . = 4 r = – 0.883
There is a significant linear relationship
between a person’s age and his or her
contribution.
Chapter 10
Section 10-3
Exercise #17
variables.



A criminology student wishes to see if there is a relationship
between the number of larceny crimes and the number of
vandalism crimes on college campuses in Southwestern
Pennsylvania. The data are shown. Is there a relationship
between the two
types of crimes?
Number of larceny 24 6 16 64 10 25 35
crimes, x
Number of 21 3 6 15 21 61 20
vandalism crimes y
crimes, x
Number of vandalism 21 3 6 15 21 61 20
crimes y
vandalism crimes
80
60
40
20
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
larceny crimes
crimes, x
crimes y
 x = 180  y = 147
 x 2 = 6914  y 2 = 5273
 xy = 4013 n=7
 x = 180  x 2 = 6914  xy = 4013
 y = 147  y 2 = 527 n = 7
n   xy  –   x    y 
r =
n
  
x
2

– x  2 


n  
y
2
  y  2 

 x = 180  x 2 = 6914  xy = 4013
 y = 147  y 2 = 527 n = 7
6  4013  –  180   147 

r =
 2 2
6  6914  –  180   6  5273  –  147  
r = 0.104
crimes, x
crimes y
H0 :  = 0 and H1 :   0
crimes, x
crimes y
n = 7 d .f .= 5 r = 0.104
C.V. = ± 0.754
Decision: Do not reject H0 .

crimes, x
crimes y
n = 7 d .f .= 5 r = 0.104
There is not a significant linear relationship
between the number of larceny crimes and
the number of vandalism crimes.
Decision: Do not reject H0 .

Chapter 10
Section 10-3
Exercise #23
variables.



The average daily temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit) and
the corresponding average monthly precipitation (in inches)
for the month of June are shown
here for seven randomly selected cities in
the United States. Determine if there is a
relationship between the two variables.
Average daily 86 81 83 89 80 74 64
temperature, x
Average monthly 3.4 1.8 3.5 3.6 3.7 1.5 0.2
precipitation, y
Average daily 86 81 83 89 80 74 64
temperature, x
Average monthly 3.4 1.8 3.5 3.6 3.7 1.5 0.2
precipitation, y
5
4
Precipitation
3
2
1
0 60 70 80 90 100
Temperature
Average daily 86 81 83 89 80 74 64
temperature, x
Average monthly 3.4 1.8 3.5 3.6 3.7 1.5 0.2
precipitation, y
 x = 557  y = 17.7
 x 2 = 44,739  y 2 = 55.99
 xy = 1468.9 n=7
 x = 557  x 2 = 44,739  xy = 1468.9
 y = 17.7  y 2 = 55.99 n = 7
n   xy  –   x    y 
r =
n
  
x
2

– x  2 


n  
y
2
  y  2 

 x = 557  x 2 = 44,739  xy = 1468.9
 y = 17.7  y 2 = 55.99 n = 7
7(1468.9) – ( 557)(17.7)
r =
 – 2  – 2 
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
 7 44,739 557   7 55.99 17.7 
r = 0.883
Average daily 86 81 83 89 80 74 64
temperature, x
Average monthly 3.4 1.8 3.5 3.6 3.7 1.5 0.2
precipitation, y
H0 :  = 0 and H1 :   0
Average daily 86 81 83 89 80 74 64
temperature, x
Average monthly 3.4 1.8 3.5 3.6 3.7 1.5 0.2
precipitation, y
H0 :  = 0 and H1 :   0
n =7 d . f . = 5 r = 0.883
C.V. = ± 0.754
Average daily 86 81 83 89 80 74 64
temperature, x
Average monthly 3.4 1.8 3.5 3.6 3.7 1.5 0.2
precipitation, y
H0 :  = 0 and H1 :   0
n =7 d . f . = 5 r = 0.883
There is a significant linear
relationship between temperature
and precipitation.
Chapter 10
Section 10-4
Regression
Chapter 10
Section 10-4
Exercise #13
Find the equation of the regression line and find the y value
for the specified x value. Remember that no regression
should be done when r is not significant.
Ages and Exercise
Age x 18 26 32 38 52 59
Hours y 10 5 2 3 1.5 1
Find y  when x = 35 years.
Ages and Exercise
Age x 18 26 32 38 52 59
Hours y 10 5 2 3 1.5 1
a=
 y  x2 –    x    xy 

n x2 –  x2 
 22.5   9653  –  225   625 
a=
2
6  9653  –  225 
Ages and Exercise
Age x 18 26 32 38 52 59
Hours y 10 5 2 3 1.5 1
a=
 y  
x2 –   x    xy 
 
n x2 –  x2
a = 10.499
Ages and Exercise
Age x 18 26 32 38 52 59
Hours y 10 5 2 3 1.5 1
n   xy  –   x    y 
b=
 
n x2 –  x2
6  625  –  225   22.5 

b=
2
6  9653  –  225 
Ages and Exercise
Age x 18 26 32 38 52 59
Hours y 10 5 2 3 1.5 1
n   xy  –   x    y 
b=
 
n x2 –  x2
b = – 0.18
Ages and Exercise
Age x 18 26 32 38 52 59
Hours y 10 5 2 3 1.5 1
a = 10.499 b = – 0.18
y  = a + bx
y  = 10.499 – 0.18 x
y  = 10.499 – 0.18(35)
y  = 4.199 hours
Chapter 10
Section 10-4
Exercise #15
for the specified x value. Remember that no regression
should be done when r is not significant.
Years and Contribution
Years x 1 5 3 10 7 6
Contribution y, $ 500 100 300 50 75 80
Find y when x = 4 years.
Years x 1 5 3 10 7 6
Contribution y, $ 500 100 300 50 75 80
a=
 y  
x2 –   x    xy 

n x2 –  x2
 1105   220  –  32   3405 
a=
2
6  220  –  32 
 1105   220  –  32   3405 
a=
2
6  220  –  32 
243,100 – 108,960
a=
1320 – 1024
134,140
a=
296
a = 453.176
Years x 1 5 3 10 7 6
Contribution y, $ 500 100 300 50 75 80
n   xy  –   x    y 
b=

n x2 –  x2
6(3405) – (32)(1105)
b=
2
6( 220) – (32)
6(3405) – (32)(1105)
b=
– 2
( )
6 220 32 ( )
20,430 – 35,360
b=
296
– 14,930
b=
296
b = – 50.439
Years x 1 5 3 10 7 6
Contribution y, $ 500 100 300 50 75 80
a = 453.176 b = – 50.439
y  = a + bx
y  = 453.176 – 50.439 x
y  = 453.176 – 50.439(4)
y  = $251.42
Chapter 10
Section 10-4
Exercise #23
when x = 70 ºF. Remember that no regression should be
done when r is not significant.
Temperatures ( in. F ) and precipitation (in.)
Avg. daily temp. x 86 81 83 89 80 74 64
Avg. mo. Precip. y 3.4 1.8 3.5 3.6 3.7 1.5 0.2
 x = 557  y = 17.7
 x 2 = 44,739  xy = 1468.9
 x = 557  y = 17.7
 x 2 = 44,739  xy = 1468.9
a=
 y  
x2 –   x    xy 

2
n x –  x2
(17.7)(44,739) – (557)(1468.9)
a=
7(44,739) – (557)2
a = – 8.994
 x = 557  y = 17.7
 x 2 = 44,739  xy = 1468.9
n   xy  –   x    y 
b=
 2

n x –  x 2
b= 7(1468.9) – (557)(17.7)
7(44,739) – (557)2
b = 0.1448
 x = 557  y = 17.7 a = – 8.994
 x 2 = 44,739  xy = 1468.9 b = 0.1448
y  = a + bx
y  = – 8.994 + 0.1448 x
y  = – 8.994+ 0.1448(70)
y  = 1.1 inches
Chapter 10
Section 10-5
Coefficient of Determination and
Standard Error of the Estimate
Chapter 10
Section 10-5
Exercise #9
Find the coefficients of determination and non-determination
when r = 0.70
and explain the meaning
of:
r 2 = 0.49
49% of the variation of y is due to

the variation of x.
Find the coefficients of determination and non-determination
when r = 0.70
and explain the meaning
of:
1– r 2 = 0.51
51% of the variation of y is due

to chance.
Chapter 10
Section 10-5
Exercise #15
Compute the standard error of the estimate.
 x = 225  y = 22.5
 x = 9653
2
 y 2 = 141.25
 xy = 625 n =6
a = 10.499 b = – 0.18
2
 y – a  y – b  xy
s =
est n –2
141.25 – 10.499(22.5) – ( – 0.18)(625)

s =
est 6– 2
141.25 – 10.499(22.5) – ( – 0.18)(625)
s est =
6 2
s est = 4.380625
s est = 2.09
Chapter 10
Section 10-5
Exercise #19
Find the 90% prediction interval when x = 20 years.
Age x 18 26 32 38 52 59
Hours y 10 5 2 3 1.5 1
 x = 225  xy = 625
 y = 22.5 n=6
2 a = 10.499
 x = 9653
b = – 0.18
 y 2 = 141.25
y  = 10.499 – 0.18 x
= 10.499 – 0.18(20) = 6.899
n ( x  X )2
y  – t 2  s est 1 + n1 + <y
n x 2 (  x) 2
n ( x  X )2
< y  + t 2  sest 1 + n1 +
n  x 2 – (  x )2
 x = 225  xy = 625 y  = 6.899

 y = 22.5 n =6
2 a = 10.499
 x = 9653
b = – 0.18
 y 2 = 141.25
1 6(20 – 37.5) 2
6.899 – (2.132)(2.09) 1 + + <y
6 6(9653)  225 2
1 6(20 – 37.5) 2
< 6.899 + (2.132)(2.09) 1+ +
6 6(9653) – 2252
6.899– (2.132)(2.09)(1.19)< y
< 6.899 + (2.132)(2.09)(1.19)
1.60 < y < 12.20

Chapter 10
Section 10-5
Exercise #21
Find the 90% prediction interval when x = 4 years.
Years x 1 5 3 10 7 6
Contributions y, $ 500 100 300 50 75 80
 x = 35  xy = 3405
 y = 1105 n =6
2 a = 453.176
 x = 220
b = – 50.439
 y 2 = 364,525
y  = 453.176 – 50.439 x
= 453.176 – 50.439(4) = 251.42
n ( x – X )2
y  – t 2  s est 1 + n1 + <y
n x 2 –(  x) 2
n ( x – X )2
< y  + t 2  s est 1 + n1 +
n  x 2 – (  x )2
 x = 35  xy = 3405
 y = 1105 n=6
2 a = 453.176
 x = 220
b = – 50.439
 y 2 = 364,525
y  = 251.42
1 6(4 – 5.33) 2
251.42 – (2.132)(94.22) 1 + + <y
6 6(220) – 322
1 6(4 – 5.33) 2
< 251.42 + (2.132)(94.22) 1 + +
6 6(220) – 322
251.42 – (2.132)(94.22)(1.1) < y

< 251.42+ (2.132)(94.22)(1.1)
$30.46 < y < $472.38

Chapter 10
Section 10-6
Multiple Regression
Chapter 10
Section 10-6
Exercise #7
A manufacturer found that a significant relationship exists
among the number of hours an assembly line employee
works per shift x1, the total
number of items produced x2, and the
number of defective items produced y.
The multiple regression equation
y  = 9.6 + 2.2x 1 – 1.08x 2 is
. Predict the
number of defective items
produced by an employee who has
worked 9 hours and produced
24 items.
y  = 9.6 + 2.2x 1 – 1.08x 2
y  = 9.6 + 2.2  9  – 1.08  24 
y  = 3.48 or 3 items
Chapter 10
Section 10-6
Exercise #9
An educator has found a significant relationship among a
college graduate’s IQ x1, score on the verbal section of the
SAT x2, and income for the first year
following graduation from college y.
Predict the income of a college graduate
whose IQ is 120 and verbal SAT score is
650. The regression equation is
y ' = 5000 + 97 x 1+ 35 x 2 .
y  = 5000+ 97(120) – 35(650)

y  = $39,390

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Chapter 10

Correlation and Regression

b. Compute the value of the

c. State the hypotheses.

d. Test the significance of the

e. Give a brief explanation of

6  625  –  225   22.5 

b. Compute the value of the

c. State the hypotheses.

d. Test the significance of the

e. Give a brief explanation of

b. Compute the value of the

c. State the hypotheses.

d. Test the significance of the

e. Give a brief explanation of

6  4013  –  180   147 

Decision: Do not reject H0 .

Decision: Do not reject H0 .

b. Compute the value of the

c. State the hypotheses.

d. Test the significance of the

e. Give a brief explanation of

6  625  –  225   22.5 

49% of the variation of y is due to

51% of the variation of y is due

141.25 – 10.499(22.5) – ( – 0.18)(625)

 x = 225  xy = 625 y  = 6.899

1.60 < y < 12.20

251.42 – (2.132)(94.22)(1.1) < y

$30.46 < y < $472.38

y  = 5000+ 97(120) – 35(650)

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