The Modern

Periodic Table
Chapter13 The Periodic Table: Putting The
Elements in Order
WHAT IS A
PERIODIC
TABLE?
The Modern Periodic Table
From the periodic tables of Mendeleev
and Meyer, and Moseley's work on atomic
numbers, the modern periodic table was
formed.
•Julius Lothar Meyer
•Dmitri Mendeleev
•Henry Moseley
Henry Moseley Dmitri Mendeleev Julius Lothar Meyer
The Periods
The Periods
Periods
These are the horizontal rows
of elements in the periodic
table. All the elements in a
period have the same number
of main energy levels
occupied by the electrons.
PERIODS
The Periods
The seven periods in the modern periodic
table are described as follows:
•Period 1 has two elements
corresponding to the number of
electrons in the s sublevel. The
electrons of these two elements
(hydrogen and helium) occupy only
one main energy level.
•Periods 2 and 3 each have eight
elements corresponding to the eight
electrons in the s and p sublevels.
The Periods
The seven periods in the modern periodic
table are described as follows:
•Periods 4 and 5 each have 18 elements
corresponding to the 18 electrons in the s, p,
and d sublevels.
•Period 6 has 32 elements corresponding to
the number of electrons in the s, p, d, and f
sublevels. The 14 f electrons correspond to the
14 elements in the lanthanide series.
•Period 7 has 32 elements, including the
element 118.elements in the actinide series.
The period is now complete up to element 118
The Groups
The Groups
The elements in the periodic table
can be classified into A and B
families. Each family consists of
eight groups, with each group
occupying one vertical column.
However, elements in Group 8B
(Group 8, Family B) occupy three
columns. Thus, the modern
periodic table consists of 18 vertical
columns.
The Groups
•Representative Elements- The
elements in the A families.
•Transition Elements- The elements
in the B families.
•Inner Transition Elements- the
lanthanide series and the actinide
series
The UIPAC
Grouping
The UIPAC Grouping
Letters A and B designate the
families of representative and
transition elements, respectively
(as adopted in this textbook). This
is a conventional practice which
originated from the United States.
Europe has a different and almost
completely reverse convention.
The UIPAC Grouping
In an attempt to eliminate the confusion over
the A and B families, the International Union of
Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)
recommended, ,as early as 1984, a different
format for grouping the elements in the
modern periodic table. In this system, the
columns are labeled with Hindu-Arabic
numerals from 1 through 18, as shown in figure
13-3. Thus, hydrogen is in group 1 and the
halogens and noble gases are in Groups 17 and
18, respectively. This proposal has sparked
much controversy and has not been adopted in
full.
 The Division
Between Metals
and Nonmetals
The Division Between Metals and Nonmetals
The periodic table
can be divided into
re ions of metals,
nonmetals, and
metalloids (figure 13-
4).
The Division Between Metals and Nonmetals
• Metals-solid at room temperature. They
are ductile, malleable, and can form .alloys
and conduct electricity well.
•Nonmetals -have a wide range of
properties. They can be solids, liquids, or
gases at room temperature. In general,
they are poor conductors of electricity.
•Metalloids- elements that lie besides the
zigzag line and have both metallic and non
metallic properties.
The Division Between Metals and Nonmetals
• Hays-MacDaniel line- All
metals that lie to the right
of the zigzag line that
passes between AI and Si,
Ge and As, Sb and Te and
Po and At