RESEARCH PROPOSAL

PRESENTED BY:-
Section A
Group 6

ARTI SHARMA
DR. AMRITESH
MULLICK
DR. GARGI
AGGARWAL
KANWALPREET
GREWAL
DR.MEGHA AHUJA
NIDHI JAIN
 UNDERSTANDING THE
BEHAVIOR AMONG URBAN
FEMALES REGARDING
INCREASING USE OF
EMERGENCY ORAL
CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS LIKE
I-PILL
CONTENTS:-
 Introduction
 Problem identification.
 Problem definition.
 Literature review.
 Justification.
 Goal.
 Objective.
 Research question.
 Study design.
 Methods.
 Plan for data analysis.
 Plan for data interpretation.
 Logistics.
 Work schedule.
 Bibliography.
INTRODUCTION:-
 i-pill is an emergency oral contraceptive pill,
introduced by Cipla.
 Its becoming quite popular among married
females since they use is whenever needed.
 It offers an effective way to prevent an
unplanned pregnancy.
 i-pill is useful as a backup birth control
method under following circumstances:
-Contraceptive failure
-Unprotected sex
-Improper use of your regular birth control
method
-Forced sex
 PROBLEM
IDENTIFICATION
Pregnancy Prevention

 As an emergency contraceptive pill : to be

used preferably within 12 hours and no later
than 72 hours of unprotected intercourse.
 Can be self administered.
 Empowers women by giving them the option of
deciding when not to conceive.
 Boon for poor rape victims : get rid of
unwanted pregnancy.
 Work of NGOs goes in vain -unprotected
sex and risk of AIDS and STD’s

 Dangers to sex workers.

 Increased involvement of teenage girls in

sex.
 i-pill
‘Pregnancy Prevention
OR
Moral Perversion’.
PROBLEM DEFINITION:-
 People have misinterpreted the promotional
advertisement as complete information is not
provided to the viewers.

 i-pill is meant for only 25-45 years of age group

 Over the counter product: no prescription

required and its easily available and affordable.
Contd….
Related Health Hazards :
 Hormonal imbalance.
 Reduced sex interest.
 Menstrual problems.
 Ovarian damage.
 Skin allergies.
 Reduce chances of future pregnancy.
 Cause diseases like breast cancer.
LITERATURE REVIEW:-

 “After iPod, Ipill gains popularity with youth", reported the

midday. Cipla is all set to make sure ipill is the most used
emergency contraceptive pill available and this is done by its
advertisement.

 “This product is a boon for married women not planning to

conceive. But it may be misused by the youth especially during
Navratri when unmarried pregnancies go up.”

-quoted Dr.Ankita Kapoor ,famous gynecologist

from Lilavati Hospital, Mumbai
 It would be terrible if young people decide to
adopt the convenient route: Condom nahi hai?
Koi baat nahin - you can always use the iPill. So
let's go ahead anyways...The danger of using ipill
is foreseen. There should be some statutory
warning on the pill cover to avoid it from misuse

-Hubpages.com discussion
 “This can be very harmful as it’s a hormonal
pill.Frequent use can cause ovarian damage and
menstrual problems, especially among younger
girls.”

-famous gynecologist Dr Rita

Bakshi

Indian express
 A Hindustan Times article does a very good job of
highlighting the reverse consequences of using the
i-Pill, especially by youngsters.

-Hindustan
times
Dated- 24
July 2008
 “To allow the drug, which has 1.5 mg
levonorgestrel, to sell without prescription raises
quite a few safety issues besides ethical ones?
Considering the awareness levels about
pregnancy related issues among youth, the drug
should not be sold over the counter,”

-Editor Monthly Index of

Medical
Specialties CM Gulati
 “The morning-after pill may seem the easiest
way to avoid unwanted pregnancies but the
recently launched ‘i-pill’ by pharma major Cipla
has drawn criticism from experts, particularly
for its over-the-counter (OTC) status and the
probable side effects.”

-Financial Express
 “Top drug maker Cipla has said it hasn’t carried out
safety trials of its newly launched emergency
contraceptive i-pill before marketing it in India.
 When asked, Cipla’s medical services director Jaideep
Gogtay said the company had not undertaken safety
trials in the country. “We had provided the safety data
of a similar drug marketed in Europe.”

-Financial Express
JUSTIFICATION OF THE
STUDY
 A world of oblivion

 Playing with synthetic hormones

 Teenagers major victims

 Bane of the sex workers

JUSTIFICATION CONTD…
 Contraceptive but does not prevent against HIV
and STDs

 Research Gap: no such study conducted in the past

 Illuminate the concerns in the shadow of the

publicity by the promoter:CIPLA

 Spread awareness about the consequences of iPill

GOAL:-

 To understand the behavior and assessment of

knowledge level of the women of urban areas
regarding the extensive use of emergency
contraceptive pills like i-pill and its long term
effects.
OBJECTIVE:-
 To understand the underlying reason for
extensive use of i-pill a descriptive study will
be conducted by IHMR in New Delhi from
March 2009 to May 2009 to determine the
status of use of i-pill by females and the
factors responsible for use of emergency
contraceptive pills like i-pill inspite of many
methods of contraception available in the
market.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS:-
 Why females are getting inclined towards emergency
contraceptive pills like i-pill as a method of
contraception?

 What is the current status of knowledge they have

regarding ill effects of i-pill?

 What steps should be undertaken to give complete

information to users of i-pill?
STUDY DESIGN:-
 It is a descriptive and cross sectional study as we
intend to assess the current situation.
 The study design is focused to highlight various
reasons and knowledge females have regarding ill
effects of i-pill.
 Descriptive study would provide us with:-
-The accurate baseline data of the incidence of the
problem.
-The information about the people who are affected.
-And the extent to which they are affected.
Contd…

 It will be based on retrospective cross-sectional

survey. Expected implications would be to
enhance knowledge of the users and to bring
about a reduction in incidences of misuse of i-
pill.

 Data collection will be conducted at several

zones of metro New Delhi.
METHOD:-
 POPULATION:-
Women from 15-49yeras residing in New
Delhi between March 2009- May 2009.

 A multistage sampling method will be

adopted.

 Sample size:- 384 women are to be

interviewed from five zones of Delhi.
Multistage sampling process:-

NORTH DELHI
4 wards 4 blocks 20 women
From each
block

WEST DELHI
4 wards & 4
CENTRAL DELHI
blocks EAST DELHI
4 wards and 4 blocks
4 wards

20 women from 20 women

Each block 4 blocks

20 women 4 blocks SOUTH DELHI 20 women form

From each 4 wards each block
block
Data collection tools and
techniques:-
 The data will be collected with the help of schedules
containing semi-structure questionnaire, with both
open ended and close ended questions, by direct
interview method.
 Pre testing will be done without involving the study
subjects, following all study procedure including
sampling, data collection, data entry, coding etc.
 Proper training will be provided to the interviewers
for data collection.
 Confidentially of data would be maintained
by keeping one copy of the record with the
organization doing research & one with the
medical administrator of the zones which
will be discarded after three years.

 Informed consent of the subjects will be taken

prior to the interview.
QUALITY OF DATA:-

 Trained personnel.
 Cross checking data and procedure by field co-
coordinators.
 Minimize missing data.
 Reducing errors in data collection.
 Necessary adjustment for inconsistent data
according to best prevailing research practice.
PLAN FOR DATA
ANALYSIS:-
 DATA ENTRY: - Data will be entered using computer by data
key punchers. The open ended and close ended questions will
be separately compiled in the questionnaire.

FOR CLOSED ENDED QUESTIONS:-

 Coding: - For computer analysis yes will be coded as 1, no will
be coded as 2 and no response as 9.
 Compilation of data: - An appropriate program will be chosen
i.e. CS Pro for compilation and coded data will be entered.
 Verification: -it would be done visually to check for errors.
FOR OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS:-
 The mutually exclusive responses will be coded and
then eventually evaluated after being compiled in the
computer program.
PLAN FOR DATA
INTERPRETATION:-
 GENERALIZABILITY:-
The result can be generalized to the population of
other metros as the research has involved all the
zones of the metro where the practice of emergency
contraceptive pills like i-pill is very prevalent.

 LIMITATION: -
As the sample size taken is from a metro, variations
can be seen in other urban areas like two tier cities
but the study has been based for knowing the reasons
for extensive use of emergency contraceptive pills.
 POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS:-
This research proposal will be helpful in following
manner:-
- It would give an insight to the current scenario of i-pill
use.
- It would increase the awareness among the females
regarding health hazards caused due to irrational use of i-
pill.
- It may encourage the pharmaceutical company to provide
the users with complete information on the packs of i-pill.
LOGISTICS
PERSONNEL SALARIES:-
NUMBER DURATION PER MONTH AMOUNT
` (IN MONTHS) SALARY (IN (IN RS)
RS)
Study director 1 1 Honorary post Honorary post

Field coordinator 1 1 20,000 20,000

Field editor 1 1 12,000 12,000

Research officer 1 3 15,000 45,000

Interviewers 4 1 7,000 28,000

Programmer 1 1 20,000 20,000
analyst
Office editor 1 1 12,000 12,000
Keypuncher 1 1 5,000 5,000

Secretary 1 1 8,000 8,000

subtotal Rs.1,54,000
 Supplies and Equipments
Quantity Cost per Amount
quantity (in
Rs)
IBM-TX 1 10,000 10,000
Computer
IBM- wide cartilage 1 2,000 2,000
printer

Computer papers - - 2,000

and supplier

Supplies 600 - 5,000

SUBTOTAL Rs.19,000
Travel and allowances
Quantity Duration Cost per day Amount

DA(R.O.) 10 days 900 9,000

DA(P.D.) 1 day 1,800 1,800

TA(R.O.) 2 trips 1,000 2,000

TA(P.D.) 1 trip 2,000 2,000

Vehicle 1 1 month 1,200 36,000

Subtotal= 50,800
Training cost:-
Cost per day Total Cost
( 2 days)
Government
training room
food 100/head 800

stationary 50/head 400

Training 100/interviewer 800

honorarium
Rs.2,000
SUBTOTAL
Total cost of the project
Personal salaries & wages Rs 1,54000

Supplies and equipments Rs 19,000

Local travel Rs 50,800

Training cost Rs 2,000

Project total cost Rs 2,25,800

Overhead (10%) Rs 22,580

WORK SCHEDULE
ACTIVITIES MARCH APRIL MAY

PHASE 1
-Determine sample ---
-Develop schedule
---
-Complete field work
map ---
-Recruit ------
interviewers
PHASE 2
- Train interviewer
for Pretest ---
-Pretest schedule ---
-Finalize schedule ---
-Print schedule
---
Activities March April May

PHASE 3
-Train interviewers for field work --
-Carry out field work ---------
-Enter data on computer ------
-edit data --- --
PHASE 4
-prepare preliminary analysis and report --------
-Conduct detailed analysis ----
-Prepare final report ---
PHASE 5
-Print final report --
-Organize and hold seminar to present final --
report
-Mail final report --
BIBLIOGRAPHY:-
Books:-
 Preparing a research project proposal; guidelines and
forms, Geneva, WHO,1990
 Singh L.P., Research Methods, IIHMR,Jaipur,2009;56-
81,177-213
Thesis and articles:-
 A study of emergency contraceptive behavior and its
implications among women in Madhya Pradesh- RAHUL
DEV BHAWSAR.
 A feasibility study to launch emergency contraceptive
through social marketing, at population services
international.-MR.RANJEET SAMAIYAR.
 Internet:-
• www.hindustantimes.com
• www.ipillcipla.com
• www.ipillblog.com
• www.womenanswers.org
• www.hubpages.com
• Teenage pregnancy and reproductive health-by Philip Baker,
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist (online book)
• The Internet Journal of Epidemiology-2008
vol.6 (online journal)
• Journal of the Anatomical Society of India-vol.49,June2000
(online Journal)