FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

TOPIC: METRIC SPACE

Present to : Sir Kashif Memon

Roll NO: 2k17/MTH/176
Metric space

 Metric Space: Let X be a non- empty set then the

function “d” defined as 𝑑: 𝑋 × 𝑋 →R is called metric or
distance function on X if it satisfies the following axioms.

(i) Non Negativity
 (i) d(x, y)  0  If x, y ∈ X
 (ii) d(x, y) = 0  If  x = y,
(ii) (symmetric property

 d(x, y) = d(y, x), ∀ x ,y ∈X

 x y
Triangular inequallity
 (iii) d(x,y) ≤ d(x, z) + d(z, y) ∀
x,y,z ∈X
x
 Distance of one side is not
grather than sum of other two sides

y z
EXAMPLE NO: 01
 If R is the set of real number a function
d:RˣR R is defiend by d(x,y)=|x─ y|
for all x,y ∈ R then prove that d is matric
(R,d) is matric space
Proof
Given d(x,y)= |x─ y| (x,y ∈ R)
(i) (M1) Non Negativity
Let x,y ∈ R
|x─ y| ≥ 0
d(x,y) ≥0, X=y
 2nd part of (i)
d(x,y)=0
|x─ y| =0
x─ y=0
x=y
(M2) Symmetry
Given d(x,y)= |x─ y|
= | ─(y─ x)|
Triangular Inequallity
 Let x,y,z ∈ R
|x─ y| = |x ─z+z ─y| ≤|x ─z|+|z ─y|
d(x,y) ≤ d (x,z)+d (z,y)
Satisfy triangular in equality
d is metric space