ABAP Workshop

ABOUT SAP
• When you see the word SAP by itself, it is pronounced "ess-ay-pea." When
it is combined with another word, it is pronounced sap, as in "tree sap."
You should never say "sap" when referring to the company SAP. Always
pronounce it as "ess-ay-pea." Saying "sap" is the surest way to say, "I don't
know anything about SAP."
 R/3 AND Client
• R/3 is an integrated suite of applications designed to handle the data processing
for large corporations. It was developed in Germany by the company named SAP
(an acronym for Systems Applications and Products for data processing). The sole
purpose of an R/3 system is to provide a suite of tightly integrated, large-scale
business applications.
• A client is organizational and legal entity in the SAP system. All the business
management data is protected here because other clients can not access them.
The main objective of the client is to keep the data isolated. The data in a client
can be only visible within that client; it can not be displayed or changed from
another client.
Architecture of ABAP Applications

SAP Web Application Server offers a page-based programming model with

server-side scripting analogous to the well-known server-page technology,
Business Server Pages (BSP). Server-side scripting allows direct access
to all elements on the application server (for example, function modules,
database tables, ABAP objects,...). Here, the presentation is separated from
the business logic. This enables the use of alternative front-end technologies
 Processing a User Request

An instance is an administrative unit that combines SAP system components providing one or more
services. The services provided by an instance are started or stopped together.
The application layer of an SAP system consists of a single instance, then all processes required to operate the
SAP system must be configured on this instance. A system with this configuration
is known as a central system.
The main tasks of the ABAP dispatcher include the distribution of the transaction load to the work processes,
the integration of the presentation layer and the organization of communication transactions.
The ABAP dispatcher distributes the requests one after the other to the available work processes.
System Architecture and ABAP Program
Interaction Between Server Layers
System Loads Program Context
Runtime System Sends Selection Screen
 F1 Help

F1 key to display an explanation of fields, menus, functions and

messages. The F1 help also displays technical information on the
relevant field.
 F4 Help

F4 to display possible input values

 Some Common Commands
• /n to cancel the current transaction
• . /nXXXX to call transaction XXXX directly from another transaction.
Without the prefix you can only call XXXX from the SAP Easy Access
screen.
• . /o to display an overview of sessions
• . /oXXXX to call transaction XXXX in a new session directly from
another
• transaction
• . /nend to end the logon session with a confirmation dialog box
• . /nex to end the logon session without a confirmation dialog box
• . /i to delete the session you are currently using
 ABAP
ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming)
is a programming language developed by SAP. Many
business applications of an SAP system are written in
ABAP. ABAP has been optimized for developing
highly-scalable business applications. Customers can
use the ABAP Workbench for developing completely
new applications as well as enhancing and modifying
SAP standard applications
Database Query Flow
Introduction to the Repository
Structure of the Repository
The Repository Information System
SAP Application Hierarchy
ABAP Workbench Tools
Screen Layout in the Object Navigator
Working with the Navigation Area
Synchronizing the Navigation and Tool Areas
Transporting Development Objects
Organization of a Development Project in the Change Request
Setting Package Attributes (Example)
General ABAP Syntax
General ABAP Syntax II
Return Code of the ABAP Statements
Keyword Documentation in the ABAP Editor
Creating an ABAP Program
Inactive and Active Development Objects
Generating Runtime Objects
Creating a Transaction
Inserting a Transaction Code into the Personal Favorites
The Developer Releases his Task
Closing the Project by Releasing the Request (Project Manager)
Using Data Types
 Complete ABAP standard types
• D Type for date(D), format: YYYYMMDD, length 8
(fixed)
• T Type for time (T), format: HHMMSS, length 6
(fixed)
• I Type for integer (I), length 4 (fixed)
• F Type for floating point number (F), length 8 (fixed)
• STRING Type for dynamic length character string
• XSTRING Type for dynamic length byte sequence
(HeXadecimal string)
 Incomplete ABAP standard types
• C Type for character string (Character) for which the fixed
length is to be specified
• N Type for numerical character string (Numerical character)
for which the fixed
• length is to be specified
• X Type for byte sequence (HeXadecimal string) for which the
fixed length is to be specified
• P Type for packed number (Packed number) for which the
fixed length is to be specified. (In the definition of a packed
number, the number of decimal points may also be specified.)
Declaring Local Types
Global Data Types in the Dictionary
Defining Data Objects
Examples of the Definition of Elementary Data Objects
Constants (Fixed Data Objects)
Local vs. Global Data Types
Value Assignments
 Calculations

. + Addition
. - Subtraction
. * Multiplication
. / Division
. ** Exponentiation
. DIV Integral division without remainder
. MOD Remainder after integral division
Conditional Branches
Loops
End of day1